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| Dynamics of nonlinear error growth and season-dependent predictability of El Nino events in the Zebiak-Cane model | |
| Yu, Yanshan1,2,3; Duan, Wansuo1; Xu, Hui1; Mu, Mu1,3 | |
| 2009-10-01 | |
| 发表期刊 | QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
 |
| ISSN | 0035-9009 |
| 卷号 | 135期号:645页码:2146-2160 |
| 文章类型 | Article |
| 摘要 | With the intermediate-complexity Zebiak-Cane model, we investigate the 'spring predictability barrier' (SPB) problem for El Nino events by tracing the evolution of conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation (CNOP), where CNOP is superimposed on the El Nino events and acts as the initial error with the biggest negative effect on the El Nino prediction. We show that the evolution of CNOP-type errors has obvious seasonal dependence and yields a significant SPB, with the most severe occurring in predictions made before the boreal spring in the growth phase of El Nino. The CNOP-type errors can be classified into two types: one possessing a sea-surface-temperature anomaly pattern with negative anomalies in the equatorial central-western Pacific, positive anomalies in the equatorial eastern Pacific, and a thermocline depth anomaly pattern with positive anomalies along the Equator, and another with patterns almost opposite to those of the former type. In predictions through the spring in the growth phase of El Nino, the initial error with the worst effect on the prediction tends to be the latter type of CNOP error, whereas in predictions through the spring in the decaying phase, the initial error with the biggest negative effect on the prediction is inclined to be the former type of CNOP error. Although the linear singular vector (LSV)-type errors also have patterns similar to the CNOP-type errors, they cover a more localized area than the CNOP-type errors and cause a much smaller prediction error, yielding a less significant SPB. Random errors in the initial conditions are also superimposed on El Nino events to investigate the SPB. We find that, whenever the predictions start, the random errors neither exhibit an obvious season-dependent evolution nor yield a large prediction error, and thus may not be responsible for the SPB phenomenon for El Nino events. These results suggest that the occurrence of the SPB is closely related to particular initial error patterns. The two kinds of CNOP-type error are most likely to cause a significant SPB. They have opposite signs and, consequently, opposite growth behaviours, a result which may demonstrate two dynamical mechanisms of error growth related to SPB: in one case, the errors grow in a manner similar to El Nino; in the other, the errors develop with a tendency opposite to El Nino. The two types of CNOP error may be most likely to provide the information regarding the 'sensitive area' of El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) predictions. If these types of initial error exist in realistic ENSO predictions and if a target method or a data assimilation approach can filter them, the ENSO forecast skill may be improved. Copyright (C) 2009 Royal Meteorological Society; With the intermediate-complexity Zebiak-Cane model, we investigate the 'spring predictability barrier' (SPB) problem for El Nino events by tracing the evolution of conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation (CNOP), where CNOP is superimposed on the El Nino events and acts as the initial error with the biggest negative effect on the El Nino prediction. We show that the evolution of CNOP-type errors has obvious seasonal dependence and yields a significant SPB, with the most severe occurring in predictions made before the boreal spring in the growth phase of El Nino. The CNOP-type errors can be classified into two types: one possessing a sea-surface-temperature anomaly pattern with negative anomalies in the equatorial central-western Pacific, positive anomalies in the equatorial eastern Pacific, and a thermocline depth anomaly pattern with positive anomalies along the Equator, and another with patterns almost opposite to those of the former type. In predictions through the spring in the growth phase of El Nino, the initial error with the worst effect on the prediction tends to be the latter type of CNOP error, whereas in predictions through the spring in the decaying phase, the initial error with the biggest negative effect on the prediction is inclined to be the former type of CNOP error. Although the linear singular vector (LSV)-type errors also have patterns similar to the CNOP-type errors, they cover a more localized area than the CNOP-type errors and cause a much smaller prediction error, yielding a less significant SPB. Random errors in the initial conditions are also superimposed on El Nino events to investigate the SPB. We find that, whenever the predictions start, the random errors neither exhibit an obvious season-dependent evolution nor yield a large prediction error, and thus may not be responsible for the SPB phenomenon for El Nino events. These results suggest that the occurrence of the SPB is closely related to particular initial error patterns. The two kinds of CNOP-type error are most likely to cause a significant SPB. They have opposite signs and, consequently, opposite growth behaviours, a result which may demonstrate two dynamical mechanisms of error growth related to SPB: in one case, the errors grow in a manner similar to El Nino; in the other, the errors develop with a tendency opposite to El Nino. The two types of CNOP error may be most likely to provide the information regarding the 'sensitive area' of El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) predictions. If these types of initial error exist in realistic ENSO predictions and if a target method or a data assimilation approach can filter them, the ENSO forecast skill may be improved. Copyright (C) 2009 Royal Meteorological Society |
| 关键词 | Nonlinearity Optimal Perturbation |
| 学科领域 | Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences |
| DOI | 10.1002/qj.526 |
| URL | 查看原文 |
| 收录类别 | SCI |
| 语种 | 英语 |
| WOS记录号 | WOS:000273575200017 |
| 引用统计 | |
| 文献类型 | 期刊论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://ir.qdio.ac.cn/handle/337002/2424 |
| 专题 | 海洋环流与波动重点实验室 |
| 作者单位 | 1.Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, LASG, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China 2.Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Univ, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China 3.Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Oceanol, Key Lab Ocean Circulat & Waves, Qingdao, Peoples R China |
| 第一作者单位 | 海洋环流与波动重点实验室 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Yu, Yanshan,Duan, Wansuo,Xu, Hui,et al. Dynamics of nonlinear error growth and season-dependent predictability of El Nino events in the Zebiak-Cane model[J]. QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY,2009,135(645):2146-2160. |
| APA | Yu, Yanshan,Duan, Wansuo,Xu, Hui,&Mu, Mu.(2009).Dynamics of nonlinear error growth and season-dependent predictability of El Nino events in the Zebiak-Cane model.QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY,135(645),2146-2160. |
| MLA | Yu, Yanshan,et al."Dynamics of nonlinear error growth and season-dependent predictability of El Nino events in the Zebiak-Cane model".QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY 135.645(2009):2146-2160. |
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