东海沿岸贝类体内石油烃和有机氯农药的分布特征及评价

IOCAS-IR > 海洋环流与波动重点实验室

	东海沿岸贝类体内石油烃和有机氯农药的分布特征及评价
其他题名	Distribution feature and assessment of petroleum hydrocarbon and organochlorine pesticides in shellfish from the East China Sea coastal areas
	马继臻
学位类型	博士
	2008-06-06
学位授予单位	中国科学院海洋研究所
学位授予地点	海洋研究所
关键词	东海沿岸海域贝类有机污染物时空变化评价
摘要	本研究分别于2006、2007年5月在东海沿岸海域22个站位采集牡蛎、贻贝、四角蛤蜊、文蛤、花蛤5种贝类样品，采用荧光分光光度法和气相色谱法检测贝类体内的石油烃（TPHs）和有机氯农药(HCHs和DDTs) 含量，分析东海沿岸海域贝类体内的TPHs、HCHs和DDTs的时空分布特征和HCHs、DDTs的组分特征，比较不同贝类体内污染物含量的差异，探讨HCHs和DDTs的来源，并对贝类进行初步海洋生物质量评价和人体健康风险评价。研究结果表明：（1）东海沿岸海域贝类体内TPHs含量范围为0.40 74.40 mg kg-1，平均含量为9.42 mg kg-1；HCHs含量为ND～5.42×10-3mg kg-1，平均含量为1.47×10-3 mg kg-1；DDTs含量为2.09×10-3～197.66×10-3mg kg-1，平均含量为38.05×10-3 mg kg-1。其中，TPHs含量在长江口及邻近海域较高， HCHs和DDTs含量在江苏省的如东、海门和浙江省的各海域含量较高。与2006年相比，2007年贝类体内TPHs含量与2006年基本持平，HCHs含量有稍微降低，但是DDTs含量有明显升高趋势。（2）HCHs和DDTs组分分析表明，α-HCH和β-HCH占HCHs总量的绝大多数，γ-HCH和δ-HCH仅有极少量检出，大多数区域的α-HCH/γ-HCH比值在4-7之间，说明研究区域内有新的HCHs污染源； DDTs 中O,P’-DDT/P,P'-DDT的比值远高于工业DDTs中O,P’-DDT/P,P'-DDT的比值，分析认为其与周围区域使用三氯杀螨醇密切有关。（3）贝类体内的TPHs、HCHs和DDTs与水体、沉积物中的相应有机物存在正相关性。相对于TPHs和HCHs，DDTs更容易在贝类体内富集；牡蛎对TPHs和HCHs、DDTs的累积能力明显高于四角蛤蜊和贻贝。（4）质量评价显示TPHs在局部海域超标，HCHs未超标，DDTs含量超标严重。人体健康风险评估结果显示，东海沿岸海域贝类体内HCHs和DDTs的致癌风险和暴露风险均在可接受的范围之内，消费者因食用监测海域的贝类而受到HCHs和DDTs危害的可能性不大。（5）与世界其他海域比较表明，东海海域贝类TPHs和HCHs含量处于中等水平， DDTs含量处于比较高的水平。
其他摘要	In this study, we sampled Crassostrea plicatula , Mytilus edulis , Mactra veneriformis , Meretrix meretrix and Ruditapes philippinarum from 22 sites along the East China Sea coastal areas in May of 2006 and 2007, and detected the concentration of petroleum hydrocarbons, HCHs and DDTs in shellfish by fluorescence spectrophotometry and GC respectively. On the basis of this, the special and temporal distribution feature, composition characteristic and quality assessment of TPHs, HCHs and DDTs as well as ecological risk assessment of HCHs and DDTs were studied. The main conclusions were as follows: (1) Concentrations range of TPHs, HCHs and DDTs in shellfish were 0.4037.57 mg kg-1, ND～5.42×10-3mg kg-1 and 2.09×10-3～197.66×10-3mg kg-1 with an average of 9.42 mg kg-1 , 1.47×10-3 mg kg-1 and 38.05×10-3 mg kg-1 respectively. The level of TPHs was higher in Changjiang estuary and adjacent waters while levels of HCHs and DDTs were higher in rudong and haimen sites of Jiangsu province as well as in the sites of Zhejiang province. In 2007, concentration of TPHs was almost as much as in 2006, concentration of HCHs was lower while concentration of DDTs was higher than 2006. (2) The composition analysis of HCHs and DDTs showed very high proportion of α-HCH and β-HCH but very low ratios of γ-HCH and δ-HCH , and in most areas the ratios of α-HCH/γ-HCH was in the range of 4-7 which showed the recent usage of technical HCHs mixture in these areas; Among the isomers of DDTs in survey areas, the ratio of O,P’-DDT/P,P'-DDT was much higher than the O,P’-DDT/P,P'-DDT in technical DDTs which revealed that the usage of Dicofol was the main reason of DDTs pollution in survey areas. (3) The concentrations of TPHs, HCHs and DDTs in shellfish were related to ones in water and sediment clearly. Compared with TPHs and HCHs, DDTs cumulated in shellfish easily; The bioconcentration capacity of oyster was obviously higher than Mactra veneriformis and Mytilus edulis. (4) The quality assessment result indicated that TPHs in some sites were beyond the first grade of Marine Biological of China, and HCHs accorded with the first grade while DDTs were beyond first grade of this standard in most areas. Risk assessment result indicated that both of the cancer risk index and the exposure risk index were acceptable in the studied areas which suggested that HCHs and DDTs posed little or no threat to the health of people in these areas. (5) Compared with other coastal areas, level of TPHs and HCHs in shellfish were in the middle of world level while level of DDTs was higher in the world level.
页数	83
语种	中文
文献类型	学位论文
条目标识符	http://ir.qdio.ac.cn/handle/337002/765
专题	海洋环流与波动重点实验室
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	马继臻. 东海沿岸贝类体内石油烃和有机氯农药的分布特征及评价[D]. 海洋研究所. 中国科学院海洋研究所,2008.

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