中国近海及南大洋磷虾关键种种群生态学研究

IOCAS-IR > 海洋环流与波动重点实验室

	中国近海及南大洋磷虾关键种种群生态学研究
其他题名	STUDY ON THE POPULATION ECOLOGY OF THE KEY EUPIIAUSIID SPECIES IN THE WATERS OFF CHINA COAST AND IN THE SOUTHERN OCEAN
	刘会莲
学位类型	博士
	2002
学位授予单位	中国科学院海洋研究所
学位授予地点	中国科学院海洋研究所
学位专业	海洋生物学
关键词	太平洋磷虾南大洋普里兹湾中国近海种群生态学
摘要	该文分别对南大洋磷虾关键种--大磷虾EuphausiasuperbaDana和黄、东海磷虾关键种--太平洋磷虾EuphausiapacificaHansen的某些生态学问题进行了研究,主要研究内容和结果如下:1.大磷虾的环南极分布研究;对中国南极考察1992/1993,1997/1998,1999/2000三个环南极航次的大磷虾样品的分析结果表明.2.南极普里兹湾地区大磷虾的分布、丰度和生长状况研究;对1999/2000年度中国南极考察普里兹湾海区大磷虾样品的分析结果表明,普里兹湾海区大磷虾的丰度比南大西洋海区低.3.东、黄海太平洋磷虾的水平分布研究;该文对1959年全国海洋综合普查资料和2000-2001年973现场调查资料进行了分析.4.东、黄海太平洋磷虾的昼夜垂直分布和迁移;2001年5月对黄海中部E2站上太平洋磷虾各发育期的昼夜垂直分布及迁移的研究.5.东、黄海太平洋磷虾的产卵、孵化及幼体发育.2001年4月底-5月初、5月中旬、6月中旬、8月中旬及11月中旬对黄、东海太平洋磷虾进行了现场培养实验,研究其产卵、孵化及幼体发育情况.
其他摘要	Studies were carried out on the distribution, abundance and growing condition of Enphausia superba in the Southern Ocean, and on the spatial distribution, diel vertical migration and egg production, hatchability and early larval development of Eitphausici pacijlca in the East China Sea and the Yellow Sea. The main results are as follows: 1. The circumpolnr distribution, abundance and growing condition of Enphausia superba The author studied the Euphausia superba samples obtained during 1992/1993, 1997/1998 and 1999/2000 Chinese Antarctic Expedition. The results show that the circumpolar distribution pattern of Enphausia superba was obvious, it was mainly distributed in two regions, the Weddell Sea Region (0° -80° W) and the Prydz Bay Region (45° -90" E), also we obtained some samples in the Ross Sea Region (145° - 180° W). The abundance of Enphausia superba was usually higher in the Weddell Sea Region than that in the other two regions, and the stations with the most abundant Euphausia superba were usually found in this region. In the Ross Sea Region the occurrence of Euphausia superba was very low. There was interannual variation in the distribution of Euphausia superba, and it seems that the abundance decreased from 1992/1993 to 1999/2000 in the Weddell Sea Region. The growing condition of Euphausia superba was not the same according to the different seasons in the same region and to the different areas in the same seasons. The growing condition of Euphausia superba were complex in the Weddell Sea Region than that in the other two regions. 2. The distribution, abundance and growing condition of Euphausia superba in the Prydz Bay Region Samples of Euphausia superba were collected from the Prydz Bay region during the austral summer of 1999/2000. Results show that the density was comparatively low in the Prydz Bay Region than that in the Southern Atlantic Ocean. The distribution of Euphausia superba in the Prydz Bay Region was very patchy, its abundance was higher in the slope area (the pelagic area between the isobaths 1000 m and 3000 m) than the open sea area (the pelagic area beyond the 3000 m isobath). The developmental stages of the Euphausia superba were mostly of the post-larval stages. The male adults mature earlier than the female adults. The krill were growing better in the slope area than in the open sea area, and as far as the whole study area was concerned, they were under normal growing condition. The relationships between the distribution and abundance of Euphausia superba and the distribution of the surface temperature, salinity and Chi a were not obvious. However it seems that the distribution and abundance of Euphausia superba was related to the cold water mass exist at 30-100 m, and with the confluence area between the high and the low Chi a centers at 25 m depth. 3. The spatial distribution of Euphausia pacifica in the East China Sea and the Yellow Sea We analyzed the materials of the general investigation in 1959 and the field investigation of the "973 program" in 2000-2001. The results of the general investigation in 1959 show that the Euphausia pacifica was mainly distributed in the east of 122° E in the investigation area. During January to March, they mainly distributed in the area east of 122 E in the Yellow Sea and south of 30° N in the East China Sea. During April to June, the main distribution area moved southward. During July to September, the main distribution area was retreated to the Southern Yellow Sea. In October, the distribution area extended to the near shore waters. During November to December, the north limit of the distribution area moved southward, and in December, the distribution area seems to be confined to the area south of 34° N. Euphausia pacifica can live in a wide temperature range in the East China Sea and the Yellow Sea, from 6 ℃ to 22-23 ℃, but its optimal temperature was restricted to 9- 12 ℃. The result of field survey of "973 Program" shows that the distribution pattern of Euphausia pacifica did not change greatly during the past few decades. 4. The diel vertical distribution and migration of Euphausia pacifica in the East China Sea and the Southern Yellow Sea Study on the diel vertical distribution and migration of the different developmental stage of Euphausia pacifica was carried out at E2 station in the middle part of the Yellow Sea in May 2001. Results show that different developmental stage plays a different role in the constitution of numerical abundance of the Euphausia pacifica population. Eggs were the most abundant component in the Euphausia pacifica population, the occurrence of stages later than furcilia IV stage (FIV) were scarce and their abundance were low. The stages early than metanauplius stage (MN), with the exception of nauplius I stage (NI), were nearly distributed throughout the water column, and eggs were aggregated at 30-50 m. The vertical distribution pattern of calyptopis I-III stage (CI-CIII) and furcilia I-III stage (FI-Fill) were very similar, and they were mainly distributed in the upper 30 m. The Occurrence of stages later than furcilia V stage (FV) was rare, and their vertical distribution pattern were not clear. The Euphausia pacifica population as a whole was distributed throughout the water column. As for the early developmental stages, NI and CI show some indication of the "reverse migration", and CIII was the first stage showed the clear diel vertical migration. From FIV on, except male adults, occurrence was rare and the exact migration patterns were not clear, however from the available data some evidence of diel vertical migration can be inferred. Male adults show an indication of "reverse migration". With the stage development progressed, ontogenetic migration occurred, the weighted mean depth decreased from CI to CIII, but increased from FI to FIV during the investigation. 5. The egg production, hatchability and early larval development of Euphausia pacifica in the East China Sea and the Yellow Sea Brood size, egg hatchability and larval development of Euphausia pacifica Hansen were studied experimentally in situ on board in late April to early May, Mid-May, Mid-June, Mid-August and Mid-November, 2001. Results show that the spawning season of Euphausia pacifica lasted long, from late-April to the mid-December. In August, however, no cultured female adults laid eggs during the experiments. Euphausia pacifica may produce several broods of eggs in the experiment. The size of the first brood varied with the seasons and the stations where the female adults were obtained. The spawning behavior of Euphausia pacifica was observed throughout the day and night, but it mainly occurred in the day. The hatchability was different depended upon the source of the eggs, and usually it was higher in the eggs obtained from the experiments than those samples obtained by the zooplankton nets. Eggs can be successfully developed into the stage CI under 12 ℃ within 7 days. And the developmental time of the early larval stages was longer in the eggs sampled by net than that obtained from the experiments, with the exception of CI.
页数	109
语种	中文
文献类型	学位论文
条目标识符	http://ir.qdio.ac.cn/handle/337002/631
专题	海洋环流与波动重点实验室
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	刘会莲. 中国近海及南大洋磷虾关键种种群生态学研究[D]. 中国科学院海洋研究所. 中国科学院海洋研究所,2002.

条目包含的文件
文件名称/大小	文献类型	版本类型	开放类型	使用许可
LW009071.pdf（2479KB）			限制开放	--	浏览