胶州湾浮游动物的物种组成与优势种时空分布特征

IOCAS-IR > 海洋环流与波动重点实验室

	胶州湾浮游动物的物种组成与优势种时空分布特征
其他题名	Species Composition and Spatio-temporal Distribution of Dominant Species of zooplankton in Jiaozhou Bay
	周克
学位类型	博士
	2006-06-11
学位授予单位	中国科学院海洋研究所
学位授予地点	海洋研究所
关键词	胶州湾浮游动物群落特征优势种时空分布
摘要	浮游动物作为海洋食物链中承上启下的一环，其群落结构和动态变化直接影响着海洋生态系统能流、物流的方向和效率。胶州湾作为一个受自然环境和人类活动双重影响的海湾，是研究人为活动对自然生态系统影响的模式港湾。因此，深入研究胶州湾浮游动物的群落特征及时空分布特点对了解该海湾生态系统的现状与历史变化趋势以及生态系统对自然条件变化和人类干扰的响应具有重要意义，也可为其他海区的研究提供参考资料。本文根据2004年1月－12月用浅水I型和浅水II型浮游生物网在胶州湾每月一次的垂直拖网采集的浮游动物样品，分析了胶州湾浮游动物的物种组成和优势种的时空分布特征。2004年胶州湾浮游动物共74个种，分属于暖温带近岸种和暖温带近海种。浮游动物丰度周年波动范围1006－15571 ind./m3，全年平均5187 ind./m3。在胶州湾体长<1mm的浮游动物丰度和生物量最大。浮游动物的丰度和物种多样性季节变化明显，春夏大（高），秋冬小（低）。多数月份浮游动物丰度在湾内大于湾外。物种多样性在湾北和湾南较低，在湾中心和湾外较高。胶州湾浮游动物优势种为双刺纺锤水蚤、小拟哲水蚤、太平洋纺锤水蚤、中华哲水蚤、拟长腹剑水蚤、近缘大眼剑水蚤、长尾住囊虫、强壮箭虫、短角长腹剑水蚤、八斑芮氏水母和小介穗水母等。双刺纺锤水蚤全年都是优势种，小拟哲水蚤除了4月其余月份都是优势种。其他优势种季节更替明显，冬、春季（12月、1－5月）优势种为中华哲水蚤、拟长腹剑水蚤、近缘大眼剑水蚤、长尾住囊虫等；夏季（6－8月）太平洋纺锤水蚤代替中华哲水蚤、拟长腹剑水蚤成为优势种；秋季（9－11月）优势种更替频繁，9月为短角长腹剑水蚤和太平洋纺锤水蚤，10月为太平洋纺锤水蚤、拟长腹剑水蚤和长尾住囊虫，11月为拟长腹剑水蚤、长尾住囊虫、近缘大眼剑水蚤和强壮箭虫。双刺纺锤水蚤与中华哲水蚤在4月达到数量高峰，丰度分别为5604ind./m3和493 ind./m3。长尾住囊虫6月丰度1809 ind./m3为全年最大。小拟哲水蚤、太平洋纺锤水蚤和近缘大眼剑水蚤在7月达到数量高峰，丰度分别为1667 ind./m3、4000 ind./m3、775 ind./m3。短角长腹剑水蚤和强壮箭虫在8月丰度最大，分别为389ind./m3和192 ind./m3。八斑芮氏水母和小介穗水母分别在3、8月大量出现，丰度分别为194 ind./m3、358 ind./m3。拟长腹剑水蚤全年有7、10月两个高峰。双刺纺锤水蚤、小拟哲水蚤、太平洋纺锤水蚤、短角长腹剑水蚤、八斑芮氏水母和小介穗水母主要在湾北密集；中华哲水蚤密集区趋向于湾中心和湾外；近缘大眼剑水蚤、拟长腹剑水蚤、异体住囊虫和强壮箭虫等分布广泛，不同月份密集区不同。从目前我们所掌握的资料来看，近30年来，胶州湾浮游动物的种类组成和优势种群没有发生大的变化。与70年代相比，2004年的物种数基本不变，但物种组成稍有不同；优势种丰度大大降低。与90年代相比，2004年物种数有所增加，其中水母类增加了15种，八斑芮氏水母成为冬季优势种；浮游动物的丰度和优势种的水平分布格局基本不变。胶州湾浮游动物的生态类型与渤海相似，但与黄海有所差异；胶州湾优势种的丰度大于渤海，且高峰期比渤海提前一个月。
其他摘要	Zooplankton, as a connecting link between phytoplankton and fish, plays a vital role in the marine ecosystem. Jiaozhou Bay was a typical area severely affected by natural variation and human activities. The species composition and spatio-temporal distribution of zooplankton are critical to understand the actuality and future status of the bay ecosystem, and to predict the responses of plankton to climate changes and human activities. The zooplankton community in Jiaozhou Bay was studied based on the samples collected by vertically towing a 50 cm diameter net (mesh size 500 um) and a 31.6 cm diameter net (mesh size 160 um) monthly in 2004. Species composition and spatio-temporal distribution of dominant species were determined. Seventy-four species were identified, belong to 2 ecotypes: warm-temperate neritic species and warm-temperate margin sea species.The total abundance of zooplankton ranged from 1006-15571 ind./m3with an average of 5187 ind./m3. While classified into 4 groups by body length, <1mm, 1-2mm, 2-3mm, >3mm respectively, the small zooplankton (<1mm) was most abundant. The seasonal variation of species richness, zooplankton density and biodiversity were similar, higher in spring and summer, lower in autumn and winter. Zooplankton was more abundant in the inner of the bay and less in the outer. The horizontal distribution of biodiversity (Shannon-Weaver Index) was inverse with that of abundance, higher in the outer part and lower in the inner part. Acartia bifilosa, Calanus sinicus, Paracalanus parvus, A. pacifica, Corycaeus affinis, Oithona similis, Oikopleura dioica, Sagitta crassa, O. brevicornis, Rathkea octopunctata, Podocoryne minima were dominant species. Seasonal variation of dominant species was evident. A. bifilosa and C. sinicus, as dominant species in spring, reached abundance of up to 5604 ind./m3, 493 ind./m3 respectively in April. O. dioica occurred abundantly in June with a high value of 1809 ind./m3. P. parvus, A. pacifica, C. affinis were the main dominant species in July, with a abundance of 1667 ind./m3, 4000 ind./m3, 775 ind./m3respectively. The density of O. brevicornis and S. crassa were highest in August, 389 ind./m3, 192 ind./m3 were recorded. There were two peaks in the biomass of O. similis, one occurred in July, another one in October. R. octopunctata and P. minima became dominant species in March and August respectively. Most dominant species, such as A. bifilosa, P. parvus, A. pacifica, O. brevicornis mainly concentrated in the north of the bay, except for C. sinicus, with concentration in the centre and the outside of the bay. C. affinis, O. similis, O.dioica, S. crassa dispersed widely, with different distribution patterns in different months. Comparing with historical data, the zooplankton in Jiaozhou Bay hadn't changed much in recent 30years, with similar ecotypes, species composition and distribution patterns, except for the increasing species of jellyfish. The abundance of total zooplankton in 2004 was lower than that in 70s, close to that in 90s. The species composition in Jiaozhou Bay was similar to that in Bohai Sea, different from that in Yellow Sea. Most dominant species reached the abundance peak ahead of that in Bohai Sea with a higher density.
页数	75
语种	中文
文献类型	学位论文
条目标识符	http://ir.qdio.ac.cn/handle/337002/527
专题	海洋环流与波动重点实验室
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	周克. 胶州湾浮游动物的物种组成与优势种时空分布特征[D]. 海洋研究所. 中国科学院海洋研究所,2006.

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