卫星高度计资料在海洋潮汐研究中的应用

IOCAS-IR > 海洋环流与波动重点实验室

	卫星高度计资料在海洋潮汐研究中的应用
其他题名	Application of the Altimetric Measurements to the Study of Ocean Tides
	汪一航
学位类型	博士
	2008-12-24
学位授予单位	中国科学院海洋研究所
学位授予地点	海洋研究所
关键词	全球大洋潮汐卫星高度计资料 Sa分潮经验模式数值模拟潮能通量分布
摘要	本文依据收集到的392个地面验潮站8个主要分潮（M2、S2、K1、O1、N2、K2、P1及Q1）的调和常数，对现有7个全球大洋潮汐模式的准确度进行了检验，结果显示各模式在深海区域均达到了比较高的准确度，相互之间差别也不大。经验模式GOT00和CSR4.0、同化模式NAO99、反演同化模式TPXO7.0、数值同化模式FES2002和FES2004的M2分潮均方根偏差在3 cm左右，其它分潮（S2、K1、O1、N2、K2、P1及Q1）大约在1～2 cm。本文还依据中国近海18个岛屿的调和常数对其中的5个大洋潮汐模式的准确度进行了检验，结果表明，M2分潮均方根偏差在6～14 cm，明显高于大洋部分的偏差，其中日本国家天文台的潮汐模式NAO99在中国近海的结果相对较准确。我们利用1992年8月至2008年8月的TOPEX/POSEIDON和JASON-1(T/P-J)卫星高度计资料，对沿卫星轨道的302816个站点进行了14个分潮的潮汐调和分析，得到了全球大洋潮汐的8个主要分潮以及2个气象分潮Sa、Ssa的经验同潮图。主要结果有：（1）各分潮在卫星上升轨道与下降轨道的交叉点(约7000个)相关性分析表明：M2分潮的振幅和迟角的相关系数很高（分别为0.9965和0.9961）；S2，K1，O1和Sa分潮也有较好的相关性（相关系数为0.94～0.99）；（2）该结果与392地面个验潮站吻合较好，其中M2分潮的振幅、迟角和向量的均方根偏差分别为：1.73 cm，2.340和2.93 cm；S2，K1和O1分潮的振幅、迟角和向量的均方根偏差为1 cm左右，5.250～7.270和1.5～2.1 cm，该精度与最近几年国际上的主要大洋潮汐模式的准确度相近；（3）首次通过卫星资料获得了Sa、Ssa分潮的同潮图。周期为1年的Sa分潮与大洋105个地面站相比，振幅、迟角和向量的均方根偏差分别为1.50 cm、18.360和2.16 cm。在此基础上，进一步分析了构成Sa、Ssa气象分潮的两个主要因素（海水密度以及海面气压）在全球的分布。在T/P-J等卫星资料无法覆盖到南大洋和北冰洋，本文利用Princeton Ocean Model（POM）进行了数值模拟，模拟结果与162个地面实测站（其中南大洋30个，北冰洋132个）的观测比较一致。基于卫星资料分析的结果和数值模拟结果合并得到了全球大洋的8个主要分潮同潮图。在此基础上通过全球潮汐能量耗散的计算得到潮能通量的分布，并得到全球M2、S2、K1和O1分潮的潮汐能量耗散率为2.431TW、0.401TW、0.336TW和0.176TW。本文还利用卫星资料对南海潮汐进行了研究，在中国南海，获得了主要的半日潮、全日潮、四分日分潮和长周期分潮（M2，S2，N2，K2，K1，O1，P1，Q1，M4, MS4，Sa, Ssa）的经验同潮图。与南海沿岸94个地面验潮站的数据符合得比较好，M2，S2，K1及O1等4个主要分潮的平均振幅差为2～4 cm，均方根偏差分别是9～11 cm.其它4个主要分潮N2，K2，P1，Q1的平均振幅差为1～2 cm，均方根偏差为2～4 cm。此外，本文还利用卫星高度计资料潮汐分析结果沿卫星轨道进行高通滤波，分离得出中国近海的M2，S2，K1及O1分潮的内潮信息。
其他摘要	In this study, the accuracy of 7 recent global ocean tides is assessed through comparisons with 392 ground tide gauge observations. It is shown that for the tide empirical models GOT00 and CSR4.0, assimilated models NAO99, FES2002 and FES2004, and the inversion model TPXO7.0, the root-mean-square(RMS) differences are about 3 cm for constituent M2, and the RMS differences are about 1~2 cm for the other constituents. Comparison with 18 tide gauge observations located on the islands around China shows that the accuracy significantly decreases in the coastal regions: the RMS differences of constituent M2 lying in the range of 6 ~ 14 cm. Among these models, the hydrodynamical model NAO99, which assimilates T/P altimeter data and tide gauge observations, developed by the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, has the best accuracy for the seas adjacent to China. The present study uses more than 16 years of TOPEX/POSEIDON and JASON-1(T/P-J) satellite altimeter data to derive 8 tidal constituents and 2 meteorological constituents Sa and Ssa. The main conclusions of the analysis are as follows: (1) The intercomparison of the T/P-J derived harmonics at 7000 satellite track crossover points shows that the correlation coefficients of the M2 amplitude and phase between the ascending and descending analysis are 0.9965 and 0.9961, respectively; those of S2, K1, O1and Sa are in the range of 0.94 to 0.99. (2) The comparison of the altimeric solutions with harmonics at 392 gauge stations is satisfactory. The accuracy reachs levels of 1.5-3 cm in vector RMS differences and 2~70 in phase lags for principal constituents, which are of similar accuracy to the current global ocean tidal models. (3) The solutions of the meteorological constituents Sa, Ssa from 16 years of T/P-J altimetry are compared with 105 ground stations, showing the amplitude RMS difference of 1.50 cm, phase RMS difference of 18.360, vector RMS difference of 2.16 cm. The Sa, Ssa constituents cotide chart are obtained for the first time. The contributions of the sea water density and sea level pressure to the constituent Sa are analyzed. Numerical simulations with Princeton Ocean Model for the Antarctic Ocean and the Arctic Ocean are performed, the results agree well with those at 162 ground stations (30 in the Southern Ocean and 130 in the Arctic Ocean). These two model results are merged with T/P-J derived result to construct the global tide cotidal chart. For the South China Sea, we use T/P-J altimetry to obtain empirical cotidal charts of the eight principal semidiurnal/diurnal constituents, two quarter-diurnal constituents and two long-period constituents. The RMS differences between of M2, S2, K1 and O1 harmonic constants of the empirical models and at 94 tide stations are mostly within 2-4 cm and 9-12 cm for amplitude and vector, respectively. The RMS differences of other four constituents (N2, K2, P1 and Q1) are within 1-2 cm and 2-4 cm for amplitude and vector, respectively. The high-pass filter is applied to the along the track series to isolate the internal tides from the barotropic tides for four constituents (M2, S2, K1 and O1) in the China Seas.
页数	127
语种	中文
文献类型	学位论文
条目标识符	http://ir.qdio.ac.cn/handle/337002/485
专题	海洋环流与波动重点实验室
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	汪一航. 卫星高度计资料在海洋潮汐研究中的应用[D]. 海洋研究所. 中国科学院海洋研究所,2008.

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