菲律宾蛤(Ruditapes philippinarum)生理能量学的研究

IOCAS-IR > 海洋环流与波动重点实验室

	菲律宾蛤(Ruditapes philippinarum)生理能量学的研究
	董波
学位类型	博士
	2000
学位授予单位	中国科学院海洋研究所
学位授予地点	中国科学院海洋研究所
学位专业	水产养殖
关键词	菲律宾蛤仔环境因子摄食生理生态能量收支
摘要	本研究在实验室内采用静水系统以典型滤食性贝类菲律宾蛤仔为实验对象，从生理生态学的角度研究了体重和环境因子对菲律宾蛤仔摄食生理活动的影响，探讨了滤食性贝类的摄食机制和贝类本身对环境的适应性。同时，对蛤仔的碳代谢和能量收支进行了研究，建立了不同温度和饵料浓度下的能量收支方程。实验的主要结果如下：1．温度的影响在9±0.1℃，16±0.5℃，22±0.2℃，26±0.6℃四个温度下对菲律宾蛤仔的滤食率FR、清滤率CR、吸收率AE进行了测定。结果表明：在9-22℃温度范围内蛤仔滤食率、清滤率、吸收率均随温度的升高而增大，在22℃达到最大值，并且各温度间差异显著(ANOVA，P<0．05)。当温度达到26℃时，滤食率、清滤率、吸收率均有所下降，但和22℃值相比较差异并不显著(ANOVA，P>0．2)。这表明蛤仔生长的最适温度应当在22℃左右。对不同体重蛤仔的实验表明小个体蛤仔比大个体对温度有更高的敏感性。碳最小需求量MCR、生长余力(SFG)和生长效率均受温度的显著影响，在较低温度下(9℃)SFG出现负值。经计算9℃，16℃，22℃，26℃下的能量收支方程分别为：2．体重的影响蛤仔摄食率、清滤率、呼吸率都随个体体重的增加而增大，它们之间呈幂函数关系Y=aX~b(b值均小于1)；而单位体重的摄食率、清滤率、呼吸率随个体体重的增加而减小。吸收率和体重无明显的相关性，体重对生长效率无显著影响。蛤仔的碳最小需求量MCR、生长余力均和软体部干重呈幂函数关系Y=aX~b，b值在实验的四个温度下分别为0．43±0．12和0,78±0．09。3．饵料浓度的影响在实验的饵料浓度范围内(2．33-6．15mgPOM／L)，水温15℃，蛤仔摄食率和清滤率随着饵料浓度的增加而增大，呈幂函数关系(y=aX~b)。当饵料浓度达到一定值后，清滤率迅速下降，而摄食率只略微有所下降，基本上保持平稳不变。这说明蛤仔可以通过调节清滤率来稳定其摄食率，对环境具有生理适应性。蛤仔吸收率与饵料浓度无显著的相关性，不同饵料浓度其吸收率始终保持在57．93±2．94％左右。水温15℃，投喂小球藻的条件下，计算得出蛤仔(壳长3．53±0．02cm、软体部干重0．41±0．02g)产生假粪的饵料阈值为2.16mgPOM／L。饵料浓度对蛤仔生产碳有明显的影响，在实验的饵料范围内生产碳随着饵料浓度的增加而增加，在低浓度饵料时，生产碳出现负值。蛤仔的SFG随饵料浓度的增加而增加，在1．54±0．12mgPOM／L时蛤仔的生长余力出现负值。实验发现摄食能随温度变化显著而代谢能变化相对不明显，这表明对蛤仔生长来说饵料浓度可能是比温度更重要的环境因子。16℃投喂小球藻时蛤仔在不同饵料浓度下的能量收支方程为：4．底质的影响温度为17℃，饵料为三角褐指藻、浓度为2．87±1．07mgPOM／L(无假粪产生)。实验测定蛤仔在铺砂以后，摄食率和清滤率都增加了大约2倍，差异极显著(ANOVA，P<0．01)。实验中对蛤仔的吸收率也进行了对比研究。结果表明：铺砂组蛤仔的吸收率比未铺砂组提高了10．71士4．57％，经单因子方差检验铺砂和未铺砂时蛤仔吸收率差异显著(ANOVA，P<0．05)。实验表明底质对蛤仔摄食生理和代谢有显著的影响，这和实际生产中发现底质对蛤仔生长有明显影响是一致的。
其他摘要	Physiological energetics of suspension feeding bivalves has been extensively studied by the biodeposition method during last 20 years. Feeding physiology is the important content and key factor in physiological energetics. Filtration rate (FR), Ingestion rates (IR), clearance rates (CR) and absorption efficiency (AE) are necessary in studying physiological energetics. In this dissertation, the effects of environmental factors (temperature, food concentrations and habitat) and individual size on the feeding physiological traits (FR, IR, CR and AE) of Manila clam, Ruditapes philippinarum, were studied in laboratory from January to June in 1998, August 1999 in static system. In addition, the carbon and energy budget of Ruditapes philippinarum had been calculated and their fluctuation with different temperature, food concentrations and dry soft weight had been discussed. Above all we build the energy equation of Manila clam with different temperature and food concentrations. The main points of my thesis have been list as follow: Relationship between IR, CR and body size were expressed as: IR=0.98W~(0.56) (R~2=0.97); CR=0.47W~(0.63) (R~2=0.90). IR, CR and AE of Ruditapes philippinarum in sand substrate were significantly higher than those in the environment without sand substrate (ANOVA, p<0.05). The CR increased with higher concentrations of diet but decreased sharply if the concentration exceeded a definite value 9.03 ± 0.46mgPOM/L. IR was the sane as CR but decreased smoothly after exceeding the definite value 13.93 ± 0.68mgPOM/L. This indicated that Manila clan possessed the inherent ability of regulating ingestion and filtration rates responding to the external diet conditions. Diet concentrations and body size had no significant effect on AE. The threshold concentrations of diet leading to pseudofeces production in Manila clam ( shell length 3.53 ± 0.02cm; dry tissue weight 0.41 ± 0.02g) was about 2.16mgPOM/L. The effect of temperature on the feeding physiology and ecology (FR, CR and AE) of Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum had been studied at 9 ± 0.1 ℃,16 ± 0.5℃,22 ± 0.2 ℃,26 ± 0.6℃. Results showed that: FR, CR and AE were directly related to temperature up to a maximum at 22 ℃. Further temperature increase caused a slight decrease in these feeding rates. For all physiological rates, there were significant difference in the range of temperature(9-22 ℃ ), but the difference between 22 ℃ and 26 ℃ was not significant(ANOVA, P > 0.2). So we arrived at the conclusion that the optimum temperature for clam growth was about 22 ℃. The effects of dry tissue weight, temperature and food concentrations on minimal carbon requirements, carbon budget and energy budget had been studied and we built energy budget equation with different temperature. The diet for experiments was algae Chlorella spp. and its concentration was about 3.14mgPOM/L. The temperature is 9 ℃, 16 ℃, 22 ℃ and 26 ℃ respectively. The equations were listed as fallow: The energy equations with different food concentrations also had been build. The temperature was 16 ℃; the diet was Chlorella spp., Its concentration was 1.54 ± 0.12, (C is the ingestional energy; F is the energy of faece; R is the energy of metabolism; U is the energy of excretion and SFG is the energy of scope for growth.) Experimental results showed that: minimal carbon requirements increased with dry 4 tissue weight and DTW had no significent effect on growth efficient. MCR of unit DTW changed with different temperature through changing oxygen consumption. Carbon production also increased with increasing food concentrations level. Scope for growth was the same as carbon production at different food concentrations, but SFG and carbon production appeared negative values at lower temperature (9 ℃) and food concentrations (1.54 ± 0.12mgPOM/L). In energy budget equations, ingestional energy altered more significently than the energy of consumption, so this indicated that food concentrations level might be more important factor than temperature during clam growth.
页数	64
语种	中文
文献类型	学位论文
条目标识符	http://ir.qdio.ac.cn/handle/337002/461
专题	海洋环流与波动重点实验室
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	董波. 菲律宾蛤(Ruditapes philippinarum)生理能量学的研究[D]. 中国科学院海洋研究所. 中国科学院海洋研究所,2000.

条目包含的文件
文件名称/大小	文献类型	版本类型	开放类型	使用许可
LW003415.pdf（2544KB）			限制开放	--	浏览