黄海纤毛虫的丰度和生物量

IOCAS-IR > 海洋环流与波动重点实验室

	黄海纤毛虫的丰度和生物量
其他题名	Study on ciliate abundance and biomass in Yellow Sea
	赵楠
学位类型	博士
	2008-05-25
学位授予单位	中国科学院海洋研究所
学位授予地点	海洋研究所
关键词	纤毛虫丰度生物量黄海胶州湾
摘要	海洋浮游纤毛虫是在海洋中浮游生活的一类单细胞原生动物，主要是指寡毛类纤毛虫(Oligotrich ciliates)，隶属原生动物界(Protozoa)、纤毛门(Ciliophora)、寡毛纲(Oligotrichea)，分属于Oligotrichina 和Tintinnina两个亚纲。它们个体微小，粒径在5-200 µm之间，是微型浮游动物和海洋微食物环(Marine Microbial Food Web)的重要组成部分。 2006年4月至2007年12月，在黄海(包括胶州湾)采样分析海洋浮游纤毛虫的种类组成(砂壳纤毛虫)、丰度和生物量，分析纤毛虫在这一海区的季节变化和空间变化。纤毛虫丰度和生物量的研究方法为：Rosette采水器(胶州湾用Niskin采水器)采集水样，取1 L水样，加Lugol’s试剂固定(终浓度1%)，Utermöhl方法100倍镜检。测量虫体的体长、体宽，按最接近的几何形状(圆柱体、球体和圆锥体)计算体积。生物量由体积乘转换系数(0.19 pgC/µm3)得到，砂壳纤毛虫的肉体体积按照壳体积的1/3近似。本文的结果表明，胶州湾各站纤毛虫平均丰度于6月达到全年最高值6065 ind./L，12月为全年丰度最低值843 ind./L。平均生物量8月达全年最高值(18.5 µg C/L)，6月为全年最低值(0.6 µg C/L)。砂壳纤毛虫种丰富度于8月达到最高值，共发现25种砂壳纤毛虫，1月种类最少(6种)。湾内站位的纤毛虫平均丰度比湾外的高(6月和8月除外)。砂壳纤毛虫在纤毛虫总丰度中的比例较小，平均为25%，范围为8-57%，分别于1月和8月达到最低和最高值。两次冷水团大面调查结果表明，4月表层纤毛虫平均丰度(1490 ind./L)要高于10月(972 ind./L)。10月表层纤毛虫生物量0.14-5.33 µg C/L，14194站、15694站和15894站生物量较高，为4.08-5.33 µg C/L。无壳纤毛虫优势种Laboea strobila在两个航次中均呈现斑块分布，4月航次丰度0-10000 ind./L，10月航次丰度11-350 ind./L；砂壳纤毛虫优势种Ptychocylis obtusa仅在4月航次发现，最大丰度2895 ind./L，10月航次未发现。4月航次砂壳纤毛虫有百乐拟铃虫(Tintinnopsis beroidea)，丰度为0-1920 ind./L；卡拉直克拟铃虫(Tintinnopsis karajacensis)，丰度很小(10-93 ind./L)。10月航次砂壳纤毛虫优势种Tintinnidium primitivum，丰度为35-700 ind./L；也出现了尖底类瓮虫(Amphorellopsis acuta)和网纹虫(Favella spp.)，但丰度不大(0-210 ind./L)；运动类铃虫(Codonellopsis mobilis)、筒状拟铃虫(Tintinnopsis tubulosoides)和Eutintinnus sp.丰度也较低(35-105 ind./L)；Craterella torulata丰度为0-120 ind./L，主要分布于15694站。10月航次已经出现了温跃层，位于30 m左右水层，纤毛虫主要分布于温跃层之上。六次黄海断面航次表明：温跃层在5月已经出现，到12月消失。在有温跃层的5月、6月、8月、9月，纤毛虫主要分布于温跃层(30 m左右)之上。其中8月份航次纤毛虫丰度最高，表层平均丰度3103 ind./L。12月份纤毛虫丰度最低，表层平均丰度406 ind./L。纤毛虫生物量春夏季为0.02-5.5 µg C/L，冬季为0.04-1.99 µg C/L。小型无壳纤毛虫占优势，砂壳纤毛虫东方拟铃虫(Tintinnopsis orientalis)、筒状拟铃虫、运动类铃虫、Craterella torulata和Tintinnidium primitivum几乎在各个航次均有分布。
其他摘要	Planktonic ciliates are a kind of protozoa with the size of 5-200 µm including Oligotrichina and Tintinnina. As an important component of microzooplankton, they are ubiquitous in marine environment and play an important role in the transfer of energy and material through the pelagic food web. In this paper the abundance, biomass, spacial and seasonal distribution of ciliate, species richness of tintinnid in Yellow Sea (including Jiaozhou Bay) were investigated during April 2006 to December 2007. The study methods were as follows. Water samples were taken using Rosette Niskin water samplers. One liter water samples were fixed with 1% acid Lugol iodine solution in plastic bottles. The samples were counted using Olympus CKX41 inverted microscope at 100× magnification after pre-concentration by serial settling method. To estimate the carbon biomass of ciliate, cell volume was calculated by measuring cell dimensions. The conversion factor to convert cell volume to carbon biomass was 0.19 pgC/µm3 for aloricate ciliates. For tintinnids, the body volume was equal to 1/3 of loricate volume. Results are: Jiaozhou Bay: Abundance and biomass of ciliate and species richness of tintinnid varied during 2007. The maximum abundance of total ciliates was 6065 ind./L in June and the minimum was 843 ind./L in December. The maximum biomass of total ciliates were 18.5 µg C/L in August and the minimum were 0.6 µg C/L in June. There were 25 species of tintinnid in August and 6 species in January. Abundance in the Bay was higher than that out of Bay all year except in June and August. Aloricate ciliates were absolutely dominant. The percentage of tintinnid to total ciliate was 8-57% (on average 25%). Central Yellow Sea: Abundance in surface in April (1490 ind./L) was higher than that in October (972 ind./L). Laboea strobila was patchy during both cruises with 0-10000 ind./L in April Cruise and 11-350 ind./L in October Cruise. Ptychocylis obtusa was only found in April Cruise with maximum abundance 2859 ind./L. Furthermore, in April Cruise abundance of Tintinnopsis beroidea was 0-1920 ind./L and Tintinnopsis karajacensis was 10-93 ind./L. In October Cruise, the biomass of total ciliates ranged from 0.14 to 5.33 µg C/L. The most abundant species was Tintinnidium primitivum (35-700 ind./L). Amphorella acuta, Codonellopsis mobilis, Tintinnopsis tubulosoides, Favella spp. and Eutintinnus sp. were also found in October Cruise. Craterella torulata mainly distributed in station 15694 with abundance 0-120 ind./L. Ciliate occurred almost above thermocline, which appeard around 30 m depth. Thermocline appeared in May, June, August and September. During these months ciliate almost occurred above thermocline. Ciliate abundance were highest in August (3103 ind./L) and lowest in December (406 ind./L). The biomass of total ciliates ranged from 0.02 to 5.5 µg C/L in spring and summer and from 0.04 to 1.99 µg C/L in winter. Small aloricate ciliates were absolutely dominant. Tintinnopsis orientalis, Tintinnopsis tubulosoides, Codonellopsis mobilis were ubiquitous tintinnids. Craterella torulata and Tintinnidium primitivum appeared almost in all cruises.
页数	83
语种	中文
文献类型	学位论文
条目标识符	http://ir.qdio.ac.cn/handle/337002/293
专题	海洋环流与波动重点实验室
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	赵楠. 黄海纤毛虫的丰度和生物量[D]. 海洋研究所. 中国科学院海洋研究所,2008.

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