长江口近海能流网络分析与鱼类群落研究

	长江口近海能流网络分析与鱼类群落研究
	张效嘉1,2
学位类型	硕士
导师	线薇微
	2015-05-19
学位授予单位	中国科学院大学
学位授予地点	北京
学位专业	海洋生态学
关键词	长江口能流网络分析鱼类群落结构环境因子
摘要	本论文根据1985—1986年与2004年长江口及邻近海域综合调查数据，通过构建Ecopath模型，研究两个时期长江口近海生态系统的能流网络，并对生态系统总体特征进行综合评估。根据2014年春秋两个航次的渔业资源和环境因子调查，利用多元统计分析方法，研究近年来长江口近海春秋季鱼类的群聚结构，并探讨其与环境因子之间的关系。 1985-1986年长江口水域生态系统结构包括16个功能群，各功能群的营养级在1~4.52之间，中上层游泳生物食性鱼类占据最高营养级。营养级聚合分析表明，1985-1986年长江口生态系统能流中牧食食物链占据主导地位，直接来自初级生产者的占比57%。此历史时期长江口生态系统各营养级平均转化效率为12.4%，其中，来自碎屑的能流转换效率为12.9%，来自初级生产者的转换效率为12%。生态系统总体特征分析显示，该历史时期系统总能流为5020.886 t/(km2·a)，连接指数和系统杂食指数分别为0.471和0.103，长江口及邻近海域循环指数和平均路径长度分别为9.35%和2.778，总初级生产量/总呼吸量为1.724。 2004年长江口水域生态系统结构包括17个功能群，各功能群的营养级在1~4.34之间。营养级聚合分析表明，1985-1986年长江口生态系统能流中牧食食物链占据主导地位，直接来自初级生产者的占比56%；另外，隐埋性底栖动物和蟹类这两个功能群的能流主要来自碎屑食物链。此历史时期长江口生态系统各营养级平均转化效率为14.7%，其中，来自碎屑的能流转换效率为13.9%，来自初级生产者的转换效率为15.2%。生态系统总体特征分析显示，该历史时期系统总能流为6342.081 t/(km2·a)，连接指数和系统杂食指数分别为0.539和0.069，长江口及邻近海域循环指数和平均路径长度分别为4.2%和2.461，总初级生产量/总呼吸量为2.527。 2014年春季长江口调查共鉴定鱼类28种，隶属于1纲10目22科。其中，绿鳍鱼(Chelidonichthys spinosus)幼鱼、小黄鱼(Larimichthys polyactis)和黄鲫(Setipinna taty)在鱼类群落中占有优势。秋季调查中共鉴定鱼类32种，隶属于2纲9目22科。其中，龙头鱼(Harpodon nehereus)、带鱼(Trichiurus japonicus)和黄鲫在鱼类群落中占有优势。春季调查海域香农威纳指数指数为0.9—3.26，物种丰富度指数为0.89—2.72，均匀度指数为0.32—0.92。秋季调查海域香农威纳指数指数为0.56—2.57，物种丰富度指数为0.84—2.53，均匀度指数为0.17—0.79，并呈现以大致以点31°30’N，123°00’E为高值中心向四周辐射降低的趋势。春季调查区域鱼类可划分成3个群落，群落I主要集中在调查海域西部，群落II主要集中在研究海域的东北部和南部，群落III主要集中分布在研究海域的东南部；秋季调查区域鱼类可划分成3个群落，群落I主要集中在调查海域东南部，群落II主要集中在研究海域的西部，群落III主要集中分布在研究海域的东北部。通过典范对应分析，发现底层pH、底层溶氧、表层COD、表层总氮和底层总氮是影响长江口及邻近海域春季鱼类群落的主要环境因子；深度、表层盐度和底层溶氧是影响长江口及邻近海域秋季鱼类群落的主要环境因子。关键词：长江口;能流网络分析;鱼类群落结构;环境因子
其他摘要	In the research, we developed mass-balance models for Yangtze Estuary to analyze energy flow of the ecosystem based on marine comprehensive survey in 1985-1986 and 2004, respectively. By using Ecopath model, we evaluated the overall characteristic of Yangtze Estuary ecosystem in 1985-1986 and 2004. The passage also applied species diversity indices and multivariate statistical methods to analyze data collected from bottom trawl survey and environmental investigation in Yangtze Estuary and its adjacent waters in May and November 2014. Based on the analysis, the research identified species diversity, structure of fish communities as well as their relationships with environmental factors in Spring and Autumn. Organisms were divided into sixteen functional groups in the ecosystem in 1985-1986. The Ecopath model suggested that in 1985-1986 the trophic level of functional groups ranged from 1 to 4.52. Trophic aggregation analysis showed that the ecosystem was dominated by the grazing food chain in 1985-1986. A linear food chain was derived from the mixed trophic network with a mean transfer efficiency of 12.4%, 12.9% from detritus and 12% from primary producer within the ecosystem. In this period, the total system throughput is 5020.886 t/(km2·a). The evaluation of characteristic of ecosystem in this period showed that the Connectance index and system omnivory index were 0.471 and 0.103, The Finn cycling index and mean path length were 9.35% and 2.778, the ratio of total primary production and total respiration was 1.724 in the ecosystem. Organisms were divided into seventeen functional groups in the ecosystem in 2004. The Ecopath model suggested that in 2004 the trophic level of functional groups ranged from 1 to 4.34. Trophic aggregation analysis showed that the ecosystem was dominated by the grazing food chain in 2004, with 56 percent of energy derived from primary producer. Benthos and crabs energy mainly came from detrital food chain. A linear food chain was derived from the mixed trophic network with a mean transfer efficiency of 14.7%, 13.9% from detritus and 15.2% from primary producer within the ecosystem in 2004. In this period, the total system throughput is 6342.081 t/(km2·a). The evaluation of structure and function of ecosystem in this period showed that the Connectance index and system omnivory index were 0.539 and 0.069, The Finn cycling index and mean path length were 4.2% and 2.461, the ratio of total primary production and total respiration was 2.527 in the ecosystem. The research indicated that there were 28 fish species captured in May 2014, belonging to 22 families, 10 orders and 1 classes. Juvenile bluefin searobin, small yellow croaker and hairfin anchovy prevailed in fish community. In November 2004, the research indicated that there were 32 fish species captured in the survey, belonging to 22 families, 9 orders and 2 classes. Bumalo, Hairtair and hairfin anchovy prevailed in fish community. In spring, the Shannon diversity index, Margalef species richness index and Pielou evenness index ranged from 0.9 to 3.26, 0.89 to 2.72 and 0.32 to 0.92, respectively. In Autumn, the Shannon diversity index, Margalef species richness index and Pielou evenness index ranged from 0.56 to 2.57, 0.84 to 2.53 and 0.17 to 0.79, respectively.In spring, fish community may be divided into three groups, the western community, the northeastern and southern community and the southeastern community in Yangtze Estuary and its adjacent waters. In autumn, fish community may be divided into three groups, the southeast community, the western community and the northeast community in Yangtze Estuary and its adjacent waters. Canonical correspondence analysis demonstrated that the bottom pH, bottom dissolved oxygen, surface chemical oxygen demand, surface total Nitrogen and bottom total Nitrogen were the most significant environmental factors affecting fish community in Yangtze Estuary and its adjacent waters in Spring. While, the depth, sea surface salinity and bottom dissolved oxygen were the most significant environmental factors affecting fish community in Yangtze Estuary and its adjacent waters in autumn. Key words: Yangtze Estuary; energy network analysis; fish community structure; environmental factors
学科领域	生态系统生态学
语种	中文
文献类型	学位论文
条目标识符	http://ir.qdio.ac.cn/handle/337002/22732
专题	海洋生态与环境科学重点实验室
作者单位	1.中国科学院海洋研究所 2.中国科学院大学
第一作者单位	中国科学院海洋研究所
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	张效嘉. 长江口近海能流网络分析与鱼类群落研究[D]. 北京. 中国科学院大学,2015.

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