海洋生态与环境科学重点实验室知识库

The dissolved inorganic carbon pool in seawater is 50 times that of the atmospheric carbon pool. If the composition of seawater inorganic carbon can be appropriately adjusted, it will greatly increase the absorption of atmospheric CO₂ by the ocean. Therefore, adjusting the inorganic carbon composition of seawater to increase the ocean chemical carbon sink is the current trend. Technologies that countries are competing to develop. At present, the engineering application of marine chemical carbon sink enhancement technology has not yet reached a mature stage, and its carbon sink benefits require further research. Therefore, how to safely and efficiently improve the carbon storage capacity of the ocean has become an urgent problem to be solved. This study uses two methods, laboratory simulation and offshore application, to screen carbon-fixing materials to conduct precipitation and transformation experiments of seawater inorganic carbon, observe and analyze changes in seawater carbonate systems, and compare the performance of various carbon-fixing materials under different physical forms and chemical conditions. The carbon sequestration level and carbon sequestration behavior are expected to provide certain theoretical support and practical guidance for the development of marine carbon sequestration enhancement technology. The main conclusions are as follows:

(1) Introducing Ca²⁺ into seawater can significantly promote the transfer of inorganic carbon in seawater to solid carbon reservoirs, thereby increasing oceanic carbon sinks. Introducing Ca²⁺ into seawater can reduce the Mg/Ca value and increase the supersaturation of calcium carbonate, which can effectively increase the precipitation rate of calcium carbonate in seawater, promote the migration and transformation of inorganic carbon in the seawater system, and thereby increase the ocean chemical carbon sink. The inorganic carbon removal effect of calcium-containing compounds is positively related to the initial pH value of seawater. However, simply increasing the pH value of seawater is not enough to induce the crystallization of calcium carbonate. It is necessary to introduce additional Ca²⁺ to increase the supersaturation of calcium carbonate to achieve significant inorganic carbon removal. Remove effects. In addition, adding specific crystal nuclei to induce heterogeneous precipitation can further promote the crystallization of calcium carbonate in seawater and improve the inorganic carbon removal effect of seawater.

(2) Slag and natural minerals also have the property of increasing the transfer of seawater inorganic carbon to solid carbon reservoirs, increasing ocean carbon sinks to a certain extent. Adding steel slag and magnesium slag can significantly change the carbon fixation process of seawater, promote the absorption of atmospheric CO₂ by seawater, and convert CO₂ into carbonate precipitation or bicarbonate. Adding 0.2 g/L magnesium slag can quickly promote carbonate precipitation, while adding the same dose of steel slag can help increase the pH value and total alkalinity of seawater, indicating that the strong alkalinity and high calcium and magnesium content of industrial waste slag have an impact on seawater. Significant carbon fixation effect.

(3) Indoor experiments and offshore applications have proven that increasing calcium ions in seawater and increasing ocean alkalinity can significantly increase the storage of seawater inorganic carbon into solid carbon reservoirs and increase ocean carbon sinks. Adding the alkaline chemical compound CaY to seawater has a significant effect on increasing the chemical carbon sink of seawater. If 0.1 g CaY is added to each liter of seawater in the South Yellow Sea at one time, the increased ocean carbon sink in the South Yellow Sea can reach 0.29 Pg C. Equivalent to 9.3% of China's annual CO₂ emissions, the application of CaY to accelerate the formation of calcium carbonate in seawater to promote long-term carbon storage is a feasible chemical carbon sink increase method.

第1章 绪论 1

1.1 全球气候变化与海洋碳汇 1

1.2 利用海洋无机碳增汇的国内外研究进展 3

1.2.1 海洋封存 3

1.2.2 增加海水碱度 4

1.2.3 海水碳酸化 8

1.3 海水碳酸钙结晶机理 10

1.4 研究内容及技术路线 11

1.4.1 研究内容 11

1.4.2 技术路线 12

第2章 材料与方法 13

2.1 实验材料与仪器 13

2.1.1 实验试剂 13

2.1.2 仪器与设备 13

2.2 实验设计方案 14

2.2.1 外海调查 14

2.2.2 实验室模拟 14

2.2.3 智能生态系统模拟平台 14

2.2.4 外海应用 15

2.3 样品测定与分析 15

2.3.1 液相分析方法 15

2.3.2 固相分析方法 16

第3章 含钙化合物固碳效果评估 17

3.1 引言 17

3.2 镁离子对海水中碳酸钙析出的抑制作用 17

3.3 海水体系添加Ca²⁺碳移除效果 19

3.4 开放体系下pH值对Ca²⁺添加碳移除效率的影响 21

3.5 开放体系下不同因素叠加对Ca2+添加碳移除效果的实验研究 24

3.6 海水体系添加CaY碳移除效果 26

3.7 结果与讨论 29

3.7.1 添加Ca²⁺碳移除效率影响因素分析 29

3.7.2 添加Ca²⁺碳移除机理解析 30

3.7.3 添加CaY碳移除机理分析 31

3.8 本章小结 31

第4章 碱性工业废渣和天然碱性矿物固碳效果研究 33

4.1 引言 33

4.2 不同碱性工业废渣的固碳效果研究 33

4.2.1 短期监测 34

4.2.2 长期监测 34

4.3 不同天然碱性矿物的固碳效果研究 37

4.4 影响固碳效果的因素及解决方案 40

4.5 技术可行性 40

4.6 本章小结 41

第5章 海洋碳增汇技术外海应用示范与潜力评估 42

5.1 海洋化学碳增汇技术外海应用示范 42

5.2 基于外海试验结果的南黄海海洋化学碳增汇潜力评估 44

5.2.1 南黄海海洋化学碳增汇潜力评估 44

5.2.2 影响南黄海碳增汇潜力的因素 45

5.2.3 技术可行性及生态环境影响 48

5.3 本章小结 49

第6章 结论与展望 50

6.1 主要结论 50

6.2 论文创新点 51

6.3 问题与展望 51

参考文献 52

附录一 人工海水配方 59

附录二 南黄海调查数据 60

致  谢 61

作者简历及攻读学位期间发表的学术论文与其他相关学术成果 63