Surface Salinity Changes of the Tropical and Subtropical Oceans Since 1970 and Their Relationship With Surface Freshwater Fluxes

doi:10.1029/2023JC020207

IOCAS-IR > 海洋环流与波动重点实验室

	Surface Salinity Changes of the Tropical and Subtropical Oceans Since 1970 and Their Relationship With Surface Freshwater Fluxes
	Ge, Kai 1,2; Li, Yuanlong 1,3; Lyu, Yilong1,3 ; Lin, Pengfei 4; Cheng, Lijing 5; Wang, Fan1,3
	2023-12-01
发表期刊	JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
ISSN	2169-9275
卷号	128 期号:12 页码:21
通讯作者	Li, Yuanlong(liyuanlong@qdio.ac.cn) ; Lyu, Yilong(lyuyilong@qdio.ac.cn)
摘要	Sea surface salinity (SSS) has shown a broad-scale trend pattern of "salty gets saltier, fresh gets fresher" during the past decades, in line with changes in surface freshwater fluxes (FWFs). Yet, regional SSS changes and their relationship with FWFs are more complex and less appreciated, causing uncertainties in understanding the link between ocean salinity and the global water cycle. Based on the Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model, we simulated the observed trends of tropical freshening and subtropical salinification since 1970 and gained insight into underlying processes through sensitivity experiments. Albeit with regional differences, changes in precipitation rate are the leading driver for SSS trends in most parts of the tropical and subtropical oceans, with a contribution of typically >60% in six selected regions. The roles of wind-driven ocean dynamics and evaporation are secondary, contributing by <20% and <30%, respectively. Our results also suggest notable regional contrasts in the SSS-FWF relationship. Particularly, many regions within the 10 degrees-20 degrees bands show opposite trends in SSS and FWF. Both the climatological and perturbed circulations are essential in this regionality. Specifically, the poleward Ekman transports driven by tropical trade winds act to broaden the SSS-freshening regions generated by increased tropical rainfall; wind-driven alterations in the geostrophic circulation cause SSS advection across zonal salinity gradients. These processes drive SSS changes that are opposite in sign to local FWF changes and complicate the regional SSS-FWF relationship in the long-term change since 1970.
关键词	sea surface salinity freshwater fluxes long-term change
DOI	10.1029/2023JC020207
收录类别	SCI
语种	英语
资助项目	Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences[XDB40000000] ; Strategic Priority Research Program of CAS[ZR2020JQ17] ; Strategic Priority Research Program of CAS[LSKJ202202601] ; Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation
WOS研究方向	Oceanography
WOS类目	Oceanography
WOS记录号	WOS:001126765200001
出版者	AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
WOS关键词	CLIMATE-CHANGE ; HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE ; PACIFIC ; VARIABILITY ; MODEL ; INTENSIFICATION ; MECHANISMS ; TRANSPORT ; IMPACTS ; TRENDS
引用统计
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://ir.qdio.ac.cn/handle/337002/184192
专题	海洋环流与波动重点实验室
通讯作者	Li, Yuanlong; Lyu, Yilong
作者单位	1.Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Oceanol, CAS Key Lab Ocean Circulat & Waves, Qingdao, Peoples R China 2.Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China 3.Laoshan Lab, Qingdao, Peoples R China 4.Chinese Acad Sci, LASG, Inst Atmospher Phys, Beijing, Peoples R China 5.Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Int Ctr Climate & Environm Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China
第一作者单位	中国科学院海洋研究所
通讯作者单位	中国科学院海洋研究所
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Ge, Kai,Li, Yuanlong,Lyu, Yilong,et al. Surface Salinity Changes of the Tropical and Subtropical Oceans Since 1970 and Their Relationship With Surface Freshwater Fluxes[J]. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS,2023,128(12):21.
APA	Ge, Kai,Li, Yuanlong,Lyu, Yilong,Lin, Pengfei,Cheng, Lijing,&Wang, Fan.(2023).Surface Salinity Changes of the Tropical and Subtropical Oceans Since 1970 and Their Relationship With Surface Freshwater Fluxes.JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS,128(12),21.
MLA	Ge, Kai,et al."Surface Salinity Changes of the Tropical and Subtropical Oceans Since 1970 and Their Relationship With Surface Freshwater Fluxes".JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS 128.12(2023):21.

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文件名称/大小	文献类型	版本类型	开放类型	使用许可
Surface Salinity Cha（21195KB）	期刊论文	出版稿	限制开放	CC BY-NC-SA	浏览