The Notorious Harmful Algal Blooms-Forming Dinoflagellate Prorocentrum donghaiense Produces Sexual Resting Cysts, Which Widely Distribute Along the Coastal Marine Sediment of China

doi:10.3389/fmars.2022.826736

IOCAS-IR

	The Notorious Harmful Algal Blooms-Forming Dinoflagellate Prorocentrum donghaiense Produces Sexual Resting Cysts, Which Widely Distribute Along the Coastal Marine Sediment of China
	Hu, Zhangxi1,2,3 ; Liu, Yuyang 1,3; Deng, Yunyan 1,2,3; Tang, Ying Zhong 1,2,3
	2022-02-28
发表期刊	FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
卷号	9 页码:16
通讯作者	Tang, Ying Zhong(yingzhong.tang@qdio.ac.cn)
摘要	The armored dinoflagellate Prorocentrum donghaiense distributes globally and has been forming large scale and dense ecosystem disruptive algal blooms (EDABs) in the East China Sea (ECS) almost every year since the 1990s and often in other coastal waters of the world. It has long been a mystery, however, about how these blooms were seeded or where the initiating population came from. In this work, we provide a more feasible and universal seeding mechanism, formation of resting cysts. Using light microscopy, we confirmed sexual reproduction according to the observations of mating cells in pairs, planozygotes having two similar flagella, darkened and thick-walled resting cysts with smooth surface, and germination processes of resting cyst. Using morpho-molecular detection, we confirmed P. donghaiense resting cyst in the field, including the positive detections of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using species-specific primers and then the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using species-specific probes, and further confirmation via single-cell sequencing for the individual FISH-detected cysts. Furthermore, the distribution and abundance of P. donghaiense cysts along the coast of China Seas were mapped using an approach combining real-time PCR (qPCR) and FISH, with the qPCR quantification taking into account the doubled copy number of LSU rRNA gene in resting cysts. Resting cysts of this species were found to widely distribute in the Yellow Sea (YS), ECS, and South China Sea (SCS), with a relatively low abundance at most sampling sites, but to be absent in the eight samples from the Bohai Sea (BS). Resting cyst production confirmed with evidences from both laboratory cultures and field sediments and the extensive distribution of cysts in the China Seas, as the first case in planktonic species of Prorocentrum, not only filled up a knowledge gap about the life history of P. donghaiense but also provided a possible mechanistic facility to seed the annual blooms in the ECS and the global distribution of the species.
关键词	resting cyst mapping fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) harmful algal blooms (HABs) life cycle (history) Prorocentrum donghaiense
DOI	10.3389/fmars.2022.826736
收录类别	SCI
语种	英语
资助项目	National Science Foundation of China[41476142] ; Science & Technology Basic Resources Investigation Program of China[2018FY100200] ; Marine S&T Fund of Shandong Province for Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao)[2018SDKJ0504-2] ; National Natural Science Foundation of China[41976134] ; National Natural Science Foundation of China[41776125] ; Youth Talent Support Program of the Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao)[LMEES-YTSP-2018-01-04]
WOS研究方向	Environmental Sciences & Ecology ; Marine & Freshwater Biology
WOS类目	Environmental Sciences ; Marine & Freshwater Biology
WOS记录号	WOS:000772940600001
出版者	FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
引用统计	被引频次：4[WOS] [WOS记录] [WOS相关记录]
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://ir.qdio.ac.cn/handle/337002/178715
专题	中国科学院海洋研究所
通讯作者	Tang, Ying Zhong
作者单位	1.Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Oceanol, CAS Key Lab Marine Ecol & Environm Sci, Qingdao, Peoples R China 2.Qingdao Natl Lab Marine Sci & Technol, Lab Marine Ecol & Environm Sci, Qingdao, Peoples R China 3.Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Ocean Mega Sci, Qingdao, Peoples R China
第一作者单位	中国科学院海洋研究所
通讯作者单位	中国科学院海洋研究所
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Hu, Zhangxi,Liu, Yuyang,Deng, Yunyan,et al. The Notorious Harmful Algal Blooms-Forming Dinoflagellate Prorocentrum donghaiense Produces Sexual Resting Cysts, Which Widely Distribute Along the Coastal Marine Sediment of China[J]. FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE,2022,9:16.
APA	Hu, Zhangxi,Liu, Yuyang,Deng, Yunyan,&Tang, Ying Zhong.(2022).The Notorious Harmful Algal Blooms-Forming Dinoflagellate Prorocentrum donghaiense Produces Sexual Resting Cysts, Which Widely Distribute Along the Coastal Marine Sediment of China.FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE,9,16.
MLA	Hu, Zhangxi,et al."The Notorious Harmful Algal Blooms-Forming Dinoflagellate Prorocentrum donghaiense Produces Sexual Resting Cysts, Which Widely Distribute Along the Coastal Marine Sediment of China".FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE 9(2022):16.

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