An ocean modeling study to quantify wind forcing and oceanic mixing effects on the tropical North Pacific subsurface warm bias in CMIP and OMIP simulations

doi:10.1007/s00382-021-05946-y

IOCAS-IR > 海洋环流与波动重点实验室

	An ocean modeling study to quantify wind forcing and oceanic mixing effects on the tropical North Pacific subsurface warm bias in CMIP and OMIP simulations
	Zhu, Yuchao1,2,3 ; Zhang, Rong-Hua1,2,3,4,5 ; Li, Delei 1,2,3
	2021-09-05
发表期刊	CLIMATE DYNAMICS
ISSN	0930-7575
页码	16
通讯作者	Zhang, Rong-Hua(rzhang@qdio.ac.cn)
摘要	Sea surface temperature (SST) bias in the climate models has been a focus in the past, but subsurface temperature biases have not received much attention yet. In this study, subsurface temperature biases in the tropical North Pacific (TNP) are investigated by analyzing the CMIP6, CMIP5 and OMIP products, and by performing ocean model simulations. It is found that almost all the CMIP and OMIP simulations have a pronounced subsurface warm bias (SWB) in the northeastern tropical Pacific (NETP), and the model developments over the past decade do not indicate obvious improvements in bias pattern and magnitude from CMIP5 to the latest version CMIP6. This SWB is primarily caused by the model deficiencies in the simulated surface wind stress curl (WSC) in the NETP, which is too weak to produce a sufficient Ekman upwelling, a bias that also exists in OMIP simulations. The uncertainties in the parameterizations of the oceanic vertical mixing processes also make a great contribution, and it is demonstrated that the estimated oceanic vertical diffusivities are overestimated both in the upper boundary layer and the interior in the CMIP and OMIP simulations. The relationships between the SWB and the misrepresented oceanic vertical mixing processes are investigated by conducting several ocean-only experiments, in which the upper boundary layer mixing is modified by reducing the wind stirring effect in the Kraus-Turner type bulk mixed-layer scheme, and the interior mixing is constrained by using the Argo-derived diffusivity. By applying these modifications to oceanic vertical mixing schemes, the SWB is greatly reduced in the NETP. The consequences of this SWB are further analyzed. Because the thermal structure in the NETP can influence the simulations of oceanic circulations and equatorial upper-ocean thermal structure, the large SWB in the CMIP6 models tends to produce a weak equatorward water transport in the subsurface TNP, a weak equatorial upwelling and a warm equatorial upper ocean.
关键词	Model errors Subsurface temperature bias CMIP OMIP simulations Vertical mixing scheme Wind forcing errors
DOI	10.1007/s00382-021-05946-y
收录类别	SCI
语种	英语
资助项目	National Natural Science Foundation of China[41906007] ; National Natural Science Foundation of China[41690122] ; National Natural Science Foundation of China[41690120] ; National Natural Science Foundation of China[42030410] ; National Natural Science Foundation of China[41705082] ; National Natural Science Foundation of China[41421005] ; National Key Research and Development Program of China[2017YFC1404102(2017YFC1404100)] ; Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences[XDB 40000000] ; Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences[XDB 42000000] ; Shandong Taishan Scholarship
WOS研究方向	Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
WOS类目	Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
WOS记录号	WOS:000698081400001
出版者	SPRINGER
引用统计	被引频次：3[WOS] [WOS记录] [WOS相关记录]
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://ir.qdio.ac.cn/handle/337002/176458
专题	海洋环流与波动重点实验室
通讯作者	Zhang, Rong-Hua
作者单位	1.Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Oceanol, CAS Key Lab Ocean Circulat & Waves, Qingdao 266071, Peoples R China 2.Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Ocean Megasci, Qingdao 266071, Peoples R China 3.Pilot Natl Lab Marine Sci & Technol Qingdao, Qingdao, Peoples R China 4.Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Excellence Quaternary Sci & Global Change, Xian 710061, Peoples R China 5.Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China
第一作者单位	中国科学院海洋研究所; 中国科学院海洋大科学研究中心
通讯作者单位	中国科学院海洋研究所; 中国科学院海洋大科学研究中心
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Zhu, Yuchao,Zhang, Rong-Hua,Li, Delei. An ocean modeling study to quantify wind forcing and oceanic mixing effects on the tropical North Pacific subsurface warm bias in CMIP and OMIP simulations[J]. CLIMATE DYNAMICS,2021:16.
APA	Zhu, Yuchao,Zhang, Rong-Hua,&Li, Delei.(2021).An ocean modeling study to quantify wind forcing and oceanic mixing effects on the tropical North Pacific subsurface warm bias in CMIP and OMIP simulations.CLIMATE DYNAMICS,16.
MLA	Zhu, Yuchao,et al."An ocean modeling study to quantify wind forcing and oceanic mixing effects on the tropical North Pacific subsurface warm bias in CMIP and OMIP simulations".CLIMATE DYNAMICS (2021):16.

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