Contact micropredation may play a more important role than exotoxicity does in the lethal effects of Karlodinium australe blooms: Evidence from laboratory bioassays

doi:10.1016/j.hal.2020.101926

	Contact micropredation may play a more important role than exotoxicity does in the lethal effects of Karlodinium australe blooms: Evidence from laboratory bioassays
	Song, Xiaoying 1,3; Hu, Zhangxi1,2,4 ; Shang, Lixia 1,2,4; Leaw, Chui Pin 5; Lim, Po Teen 5; Tang, Ying Zhong 1,2,4
	2020-11-01
发表期刊	HARMFUL ALGAE
ISSN	1568-9883
卷号	99 页码:9
通讯作者	Hu, Zhangxi(zhu@qdio.ac.cn) ; Tang, Ying Zhong(yingzhong.tang@qdio.ac.cn)
摘要	Multiple dinoflagellate species from the genus Karlodinium have been well known to form massive and toxic blooms that consequently cause fish kills in many coastal waters around the world. Karlodinium australe is a mixotrophic and potentially ichthyotoxic species associated with fish kills. Here, we investigated phagotrophy of K. australe (isolate KaJb05) established from a bloom event in the West Johor Strait, Malaysia, using several prey species (phytoplankton, zooplankton, and larval fish). The results showed that K. australe ingested relatively small prey cells of co-occurring microalgae by direct engulfment, while it fed on larger prey cells of microalgae by tube feeding. The results of animal exposure bioassays using rotifer (Brachionus plicatilis), brine shrimp (Artemia salina), and larval fish (Oryzias melastigma) demonstrated that phagotrophy (in terms of the trophic mode of the dinoflagellate), or micropredation (in terms of the mechanism of lethal effects on prey), played a more important role than the toxicity did in causing the lethal effects of K. australe on these aquatic animals under low cell densities of K. australe, while the mortalities of animals observed in the exposure to cell lysates of K. australe were solely caused by the toxicity. A comparison of the lethal effects between K. australe and K. veneficum revealed that the lethal effect of K. australe on rotifers was much stronger than that of K. veneficum at all cell densities applied in the experiments and the more "aggressive" micropredation of K. australe is suggested to explain the difference in lethal effect between K. austale and K. veneficum. Our results may explain why K. australe exhibited fish killings during moderate blooms at cell densities < 2.34 x 10(6) cells L-1, whereas K. veneficum was observed to cause massive fish kills only if the cell density was above 10(7) cells L-1. We believe these findings provide new insights into the ecological consequences of phagotrophy exhibited in some mixotrophic and harmful algae such as species of Karlodinium and of HAB events in general.
关键词	Harmful algal blooms (HABs) Karlodinium australe Phagotrophy Peduncle Micropredation Ichthyotoxicity
DOI	10.1016/j.hal.2020.101926
收录类别	SCI
语种	英语
资助项目	National Science Foundation of China[61533011] ; National Science Foundation of China[41776125] ; National Science Foundation of China[41976134] ; Marine S&T Fund of Shandong Province for Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao)[2018SDKJ0504-2] ; Science & Technology Basic Resources Investigation Program of China[2018FY100200]
WOS研究方向	Marine & Freshwater Biology
WOS类目	Marine & Freshwater Biology
WOS记录号	WOS:000592393500009
出版者	ELSEVIER
引用统计	被引频次：6[WOS] [WOS记录] [WOS相关记录]
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://ir.qdio.ac.cn/handle/337002/169292
专题	海洋生态与环境科学重点实验室
通讯作者	Hu, Zhangxi; Tang, Ying Zhong
作者单位	1.Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Oceanol, CAS Key Lab Marine Ecol & Environm Sci, Qingdao 266071, Peoples R China 2.Qingdao Natl Lab Marine Sci & Technol, Lab Marine Ecol & Environm Sci, Qingdao 266237, Peoples R China 3.Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China 4.Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Ocean Mega Sci, Qingdao 266071, Peoples R China 5.Univ Malaya, Inst Ocean & Earth Sci, Bachok Marine Res Stn, Bachok 16310, Kelantan, Malaysia
第一作者单位	海洋生态与环境科学重点实验室
通讯作者单位	海洋生态与环境科学重点实验室
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Song, Xiaoying,Hu, Zhangxi,Shang, Lixia,et al. Contact micropredation may play a more important role than exotoxicity does in the lethal effects of Karlodinium australe blooms: Evidence from laboratory bioassays[J]. HARMFUL ALGAE,2020,99:9.
APA	Song, Xiaoying,Hu, Zhangxi,Shang, Lixia,Leaw, Chui Pin,Lim, Po Teen,&Tang, Ying Zhong.(2020).Contact micropredation may play a more important role than exotoxicity does in the lethal effects of Karlodinium australe blooms: Evidence from laboratory bioassays.HARMFUL ALGAE,99,9.
MLA	Song, Xiaoying,et al."Contact micropredation may play a more important role than exotoxicity does in the lethal effects of Karlodinium australe blooms: Evidence from laboratory bioassays".HARMFUL ALGAE 99(2020):9.

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