Proof of homothally of Pheopolykrikos hartmannii and details of cyst germination process

doi:10.1007/s00343-019-9077-x

	Proof of homothally of Pheopolykrikos hartmannii and details of cyst germination process
	Chai, Zhaoyang 1; Hu, Zhangxi1,2,3 ; Liu, Yuyang 1,4; Tang, Yingzhong 1,2,3
	2020
发表期刊	JOURNAL OF OCEANOLOGY AND LIMNOLOGY
ISSN	2096-5508
卷号	38 期号:1 页码:114-123
通讯作者	Tang, Yingzhong(yingzhong.tang@qdio.ac.cn)
摘要	Resting cysts play crucial roles in the ecology of dinoflagellates, especially in wintering or surviving unfavorable conditions, seeding harmful algal blooms (HABs), and facilitating the geographic expansion. Encystment of dinoflagellates is tightly coupled with sexual reproduction in most cases, which can occur either through homothallism (self-fertilization) or heterothallism (intercrossing of +/- strains). The types of sexual reproduction have important ecological implications. The toxic and HAB-forming dinoflagellate, Pheopolykrikoides hartmannii has been previously reported to be heterothallic. Here, we provide visual confirmation of homothally of P. hartmannii and the first detailed visual recording of cyst germination based on the observations of a clonal isolate from Jiaozhou Bay, China. To document the homothallism, we first observed cell pairs in sexual mating, planozygotes with two longitudinal flagella, and cysts with typical morphology as described previously from the clonal culture. We then germinated a single cyst, established a new clonal culture from one of the two daughter cells after the first cell division of the germling (i.e. from the diploid germling to two haploid cells), and produced cysts again from the newly established clonal culture. For the observation of the germination time-series, we took micrographs and videos to show all germination processes, particularly with an interesting observation of the short amoeboid stage of the germling releasing from the archeopyle (15 s), which was a landmark of the germination process and has not been reported elsewhere. This definitive evidence of homothallic sexuality and cyst production in P. hartmannii provides a new insight into the biology and ecology of the species, particularly a mechanism that may partly account for the population dynamics and ubiquitous distribution of the species.
关键词	germination harmful algal blooms (HABs) heterothallism homothallism resting cyst Pheopolykrikos hartmannii
DOI	10.1007/s00343-019-9077-x
收录类别	SCI
语种	英语
资助项目	National Key R&D Program of China[2017YFC1404300] ; National Natural Science Foundation of China[61533011] ; National Natural Science Foundation of China[41776125] ; NSFC-Shandong Joint Fund for Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences[U1606404] ; Science and Technology Basic Resources Investigation Program of China[2018FY100200] ; Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of the Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science[2016ASKJ02]
WOS研究方向	Marine & Freshwater Biology ; Oceanography
WOS类目	Limnology ; Oceanography
WOS记录号	WOS:000511866000010
出版者	SCIENCE PRESS
引用统计	被引频次：5[WOS] [WOS记录] [WOS相关记录]
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://ir.qdio.ac.cn/handle/337002/165275
专题	海洋生态与环境科学重点实验室
通讯作者	Tang, Yingzhong
作者单位	1.Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Marine Ecol & Environm Sci, Inst Oceanol, Qingdao 266071, Peoples R China 2.Qingdao Natl Lab Marine Sci & Technol, Lab Marine Ecol & Environm Sci, Qingdao 266237, Peoples R China 3.Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Ocean Mega Sci, Qingdao 266071, Peoples R China 4.Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China
第一作者单位	中国科学院海洋研究所
通讯作者单位	中国科学院海洋研究所
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Chai, Zhaoyang,Hu, Zhangxi,Liu, Yuyang,et al. Proof of homothally of Pheopolykrikos hartmannii and details of cyst germination process[J]. JOURNAL OF OCEANOLOGY AND LIMNOLOGY,2020,38(1):114-123.
APA	Chai, Zhaoyang,Hu, Zhangxi,Liu, Yuyang,&Tang, Yingzhong.(2020).Proof of homothally of Pheopolykrikos hartmannii and details of cyst germination process.JOURNAL OF OCEANOLOGY AND LIMNOLOGY,38(1),114-123.
MLA	Chai, Zhaoyang,et al."Proof of homothally of Pheopolykrikos hartmannii and details of cyst germination process".JOURNAL OF OCEANOLOGY AND LIMNOLOGY 38.1(2020):114-123.

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