海洋生物分类与系统演化实验室知识库

异尾类是甲壳动物亚门（Crustacea）十足目（Decapoda）异尾下目（Anomura）的所有物种的统称。2017年-2020年期间，环南海近海区域及周边4个国家，23个区域，59个采样站位区域采集异尾类标本1300余号，共鉴定出异尾类生物3总科7科24属74种。进行了全部种类原色形态照片采集，使用特征细节影像图替代传统形态线图，并采集部分种类生境原位照片。对68个已记述的种类进行了形态特征的再描述。对6个中国海域新纪录种：条纹长眼寄居蟹Paguristes runyanae Haig & Ball, 1988，紫腕长眼寄居蟹Paguristes gonagrus H. Milne Edwards, 1836，红掌真寄居蟹 Dardanus brachyops Forest, 1962，海德里寄居蟹Pagurus hedleyi Grant & McCulloch, 1906，混乱仿寄居蟹Paguropsis confusa Lemaitre, Rahayu & Komai, 2018，斑点劳铠虾 Lauriea punctata Macpherson & Robainas-Barcia, 2013进行描述。记录了所有种类的形态特征、雌雄差异，补充地理分布及生境信息，并以真寄居蟹属为例探讨了颜色特征在基于形态分类中的重要作用。

使用线粒体16S rRNA基因探讨了瓷蟹科、寄居蟹总科和异尾下目的系统发育关系，对瓷蟹科系统发育研究结果表明岩瓷蟹属不具备单系性；对寄居蟹总科系统发育研究结果表明寄居蟹总科从对称型寄居蟹向不对称型寄居蟹进化；对异尾下目系统发育研究结果支持了异尾类演化的“Hermit to King”路线，证明了辉虾总科、拟刺铠虾总科等科在异尾类分类系统中的合理性；补充了中国南海异尾类生物的DNA条形码数据信息。

本研究为异尾类的物种鉴定和系统地了解南海海域甲壳动物的区系特点及其在印度-太平洋海域的地位和生物多样性格局以及十足目甲壳动物长尾类与短尾类之间的演化模式提供了基础数据和理论支撑

The suborder Anomura is an important group of decapod crustaceans. More than 1300 speciesman of Anomura were collected around South China Sea coast including 5 countries 23 areas 59 stations since 2017. The present study revealed that 74 species of 24 genera 7 families 3 supfamilies from Anomura were identified, photography showed the fresh coloration and dominat morphology structure were taken at the same time, some photos shows the habitation of anomura were also taken under water. 68 specie of anomure which have been recorded already were redescribed in detail, 6 species including Paguristes runyanae Haig & Ball, 1988, Paguristes gonagrus H. Milne Edwards, 1836, Dardanus brachyops Forest, 1962, Pagurus hedleyi Grant & McCulloch, 1906, Paguropsis confusa Lemaitre, Rahayu & Komai, 2018, Lauriea punctata Macpherson & Robainas-Barcia, 2013 were first records from Chinese waters. The information of the sexual dimorphism, color in life and the distribution have been updated, the importance of fresh color in the taxonmy was alse discussed with the example from genus Dardanus.

Phylogeny of of the family Porcellanidae, supfamily Paguridea and suborder Anomura were reconstructed based on the mitochondrial genes of 16S rRNA, the phylogeny study of the Procellanidae indicated that the Genus Petrolisthes showed to be monophletic. The results of phylogeny study on the supfamily Paguridea showed that the hemit crab evolved from symmetric type to asymmetric type. The results of phylogeny study on the suborder Anomura not only proved the rationality of supfamily Aegloidea and Chirostyloidea but also support the “Hermit to King” hypothesis. The DNA barcoding data of Anomura in the South China Sea were supplemented.

This study provided basic data and theoretical support for species identification of suborder Anomura and systematic understanding of crustacean fauna in the South China Sea and its position in the Indo-Pacific Ocean, as well as for the pattern of evolution of Decapoda crustaceans between long tailed and short tailed crustaceans

目 录

第1章 概论. 1

1.1异尾类概述. 1

1.2异尾类分类概述. 2

1.2.1种类现状... 2

1.2.2分类特征... 2

1.2.3研究历史... 7

1.3异尾类系统发育概述. 8

1.3.1基于形态学异尾类系统发育研究历史... 9

1.3.2 基于分子生物学异尾类系统发育研究... 10

1.3.3 “Hermit to King”假说和“King to Hermit”假说... 11

1.4 研究目的和意义. 11

1.4.1研究目的... 11

1.4.2 研究意义... 11

1.5 研究创新点. 12

第2章 南海异尾类分类学研究. 13

2.1 采样站位. 13

2.2 形态学研究方法. 15

2.3 南海近海异尾类分类研究. 16

2.3.1 蝉蟹总科 Hippoidea Latreille, 1825. 16

2.3.2 寄居蟹总科Paguroidea Latreille. 17

2.3.3铠甲虾总科Galatheoidea Samouelle,1819. 80

2.4 讨论. 102

第3章 异尾类系统发育关系探究. 106

3.1 研究方法. 106

3.2瓷蟹科系统发育研究. 107

3.2.1研究材料... 107

3.2.2研究结果... 107

3.2.3 讨论... 107

3.3寄居蟹总科系统发育研究. 111

3.3.1研究材料... 111

3.3.2研究结果... 113

3.3.3 讨论... 114

3.4 异尾下目系统发育研究. 116

3.4.1研究材料... 116

3.4.2研究结果... 119

3.4.3 讨论... 120

第4章 总结与展望. 122

4.1 总结. 122

4.2 展望. 122

参考文献. 124

作者简历及攻读学位期间发表的学术论文与研究成果. 130

致 谢. 132