海洋环境腐蚀与生物污损重点实验室知识库

随着工业文明的不断进步， 全球范围内腐蚀问题日益险峻，已成为全球性
关注问题。 由于材料腐蚀导致的危害不仅造成经济损失， 更会导致环境污染和
人员伤亡。 防腐涂料是实现金属腐蚀防护最经济、最有效的实现方式之一。 涂
料在使用过程中会因为外界因素或外力环境等条件的改变而产生细小的裂纹，
在腐蚀环境下会造成涂层失效， 导致无法对金属基体进行有效防护。 水凝胶是
一种 3D 立体网络状结构材料，拥有优异的吸水性和自修复性能。 通过水凝胶
内部的动态共价键的动态开合，可以实现快速修复破损裂纹的功能。 水凝胶材
料自修复功能对涂层性能改善具有技术提升和工程应用特点，为自修复涂层提
供了新的发展思路。
本文利用二氧化硅水凝胶自修复性能，负载噻唑类缓蚀剂，对其防腐蚀性
能进行测试。并将负载缓蚀剂的水凝胶与水性涂层相结合； 利用水凝胶优异的
自修复性能和噻唑类缓蚀剂的缓蚀性能，对金属基体进行腐蚀防护测试性能研
究。本文的主要研究内容包括以下几个方面：
（1） 合成二氧化硅水凝胶基体，筛选合适的噻唑类缓蚀剂进行负载， 实现
负载缓蚀剂能水凝胶基体中发挥缓蚀作用， 同时不影响水凝胶基体自身的性能；
（2） 通过优化试验， 选择苯并三氮唑和 1,2,4-三氮唑负载到水凝胶中，对
负载后水凝胶进行表征测试。 FT-IR 结果表明， 苯并三氮唑和 1,2,4-三氮唑分别
有效负载于水凝胶基体中； XRD 结果表明， 苯并三氮唑和 1,2,4-三氮唑的负载
均没有和二氧化硅水凝胶基体进行反应；
（3） 测试负载苯并三氮唑和 1,2,4-三氮唑的水凝胶的防腐蚀性能。 通过电
化学阻抗谱进行分析，对比实验结果表明负载苯并三氮唑和 1,2,4-三氮唑明显提
高了二氧化硅水凝胶的防腐蚀性能，且在一定范围内，负载浓度越高，防腐蚀
性能越好；
（4） 苯并三氮唑和 1,2,4-三氮唑的添加没有改变二氧化硅水凝胶基体自身
的性能，保留了水凝胶优异的自修复性能。通过电化学测试可以看出，负载苯
并三氮唑水凝胶和负载 1,2,4-三氮唑水凝胶可以对破损区域进行修复，修复效果
良好；
（5） 将负载缓蚀剂的水凝胶添加到水性聚丙烯酸涂层中， 利用湿热试验和
中性盐雾试验，证实了负载缓蚀剂的水凝胶显著提高了涂层的防腐蚀性能。
 

With the continuous advancement of industrial civilization, the problem of
corrosion on a global scale has become increasingly critical and has become a global
concern. The damage caused by corrosion of materials not only causes economic
losses, but also causes environmental pollution and casualties. Anti-corrosion
coating is one of the most economical and effective ways to achieve metal corrosion
protection. During the use of the coating, fine cracks may occur due to changes in
external factors or external environment conditions, and the coating may fail in a
corrosive environment, resulting in failure to effectively protect the metal substrate.
Hydrogel is a 3D network structure material with excellent water absorption and
self-healing properties. Through the dynamic opening and closing of the dynamic
covalent bond inside the hydrogel, the function of quickly repairing the broken crack
can be realized. The self-repairing function of the hydrogel material has the technical
improvement and engineering application characteristics for the improvement of the
coating performance, and provides a new development idea for the self-healing
coating.
In this paper, the self-healing properties of silica hydrogel were used, and the
thiazole corrosion inhibitor was loaded to test its corrosion resistance. The hydrogel
of the load inhibitor is combined with the water-based coating; the corrosion
resistance test performance of the metal substrate is studied by using the excellent
self-repairing property of the hydrogel and the corrosion inhibition performance of
the thiazole corrosion inhibitor. The main research contents of this paper include the
following aspects:
(1) Synthesize the silica hydrogel matrix and screen the appropriate thiazole
corrosion inhibitor for loading. The corrosion inhibitor can be used to achieve
corrosion inhibition in the hydrogel matrix without affecting the performance of the
hydrogel matrix itself.
IV
(2) By optimizing the test, benzotriazole and 1,2,4-triazole were loaded into the
hydrogel, and the hydrogel after loading was characterized. FT-IR results showed
that benzotriazole and 1,2,4-triazole were effectively loaded into the hydrogel matrix;
XRD results showed that benzotriazole and 1,2,4-triazole None of the loads reacted
with the silica hydrogel matrix.
(3) The corrosion resistance of hydrogels loaded with benzotriazole and
1,2,4-triazole was tested. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis
showed that the supported benzotriazole and 1,2,4-triazole significantly improved
the corrosion resistance of the silica hydrogel. When the load concentration is less
than 0.05%, the higher the load concentration, the better the corrosion resistance.
(4) The addition of benzotriazole and 1,2,4-triazole did not alter the properties
of the silica hydrogel matrix itself, retaining the excellent self-healing properties of
the hydrogel. It can be seen from the electrochemical test that the loaded
benzotriazole hydrogel and the loaded 1,2,4-triazole hydrogel can repair the
damaged area with good repair effect.
(5) The hydrogel of the load inhibitor was added to the aqueous polyacrylic acid
coating. Using the damp heat test and the neutral salt spray test, it was confirmed
that the hydrogel loaded with the corrosion inhibitor significantly improved the
corrosion resistance of the coating.