| 其他摘要 | Nutriology is an important component of biology study. The thorough studies of the nutrition requirement of the animal are the assurance to the success of its culture in future. The shellfish nutriology is studied very late, and it is backward to the fish and shrimp nutriology study. This paper mainly includes three parts as follows: Part I: The shellfish nutriology studies are always processing by stressing one or more nutrition, and the physiology action of shellfish under starvation is less reported. The effects of starvation (for 60 days) on the condition index, nutrient composition of different tissues, and metabolism of the scallop Chlamys farreri were studied in laboratory from Oct. 17 to Dec. 15, 1997. The results showed that the scallops of two tanks have not mass mortality during the experiment, and survival rates of control Group and starvation Group were 93.5% and 92.0%, respectively. Effect of starvation on the meat condition of the scallops was strong, especially after 10 days. The lipid percentage of dropped sharply while the protein percentage increased. Our results show that the impact of starvation on the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and the ammonia-N excretion rate (AER) were obvious too. The O:N ratios varied in different degrees, and dropped to the lowest value after 20 days. The ratios, which was lower than 10, suggested that the protein was the main resource for metabolism. Part II: the ingestion rate, assimilation efficiency and growth rate of scallop, Chlamys farreri, feeded with different diet were studied. Three artificial diets were confected. Two of them were consulted to the nutritional component of the nature diet of shellfish: unicellular algae, whose protein were plant source and animal source, respectively. And a pachyrhizus powder diet, which is mainly contained carbohydrate, was confected too. The results show that: the highest Ingestion Rate was occurred in the algae group, thereinafter are animal protein diet group, pachyrhizus powder diet group and plant protein diet group in turn. The highest assimilation efficiency was occurred in the plant protein diet group thereinafter are animal protein diet group, algae group and pachyrhizus powder diet group in turn. Under different diet condition, there is distinctly difference of the scallop growth. In all the three groups, the highest growth rate was occurred in the algae group, thereinafter are animal protein diet group, pachyrhizus powder diet group and plant protein diet group in turn. Thus it can be seen, in the artificial diets, the nutrition effect are animal protein > carbohydrate > plant protein. The impact of different diets to the growth of viscera and adductor muscle of scallop is the same. Part III: the nutrition requirements of southern bay scallop, Argopecten irradians concentricus, to protein, carbohydrate, lipid and vitamin C were studied, and the best diet prescription was selected. The results show that: under the experimental condition, to the condition index and the condition index of dried viscera, dried gonad, dried adductor muscle of the scallop, the best nutrition levels are the same: protein 35%, carbohydrate 39%, lipid 9%, and the vitamin C doesn't have much effect. To the condition index and the condition index of dried gonad, the protein level is the most important, and to the condition index of dried viscera and dried adductor muscle the carbohydrate level is the most important. The lipid level effects the condition indexes somewhat less. The best artificial prescription is: protein 35%, carbohydrate 39%, lipid 9%, as the same as the best nutrition level. |
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