塔玛亚历山大藻（Alexandrium tamarense）对双壳的影响研究

IOCAS-IR > 海洋环流与波动重点实验室

	塔玛亚历山大藻（Alexandrium tamarense）对双壳的影响研究
	傅萌
学位类型	博士
	1999
学位授予单位	中国科学院海洋研究所
学位授予地点	中国科学院海洋研究所
学位专业	环境海洋学
关键词	藻类贝类海水养殖毒性物质
摘要	本文选取麻痹性贝毒产毒藻塔玛亚历山大（Alexandrium tamarense）以及双壳类为研究对象，进行了塔玛亚历山大藻对双壳类生命活动的影响，麻痹性贝毒在紫贻贝体内累积、转化与排出动力学过程的初步研究。实验证实，塔玛亚历山大藻能对栉孔扇贝受精卵至早期D型幼虫的整个发育阶段产生不利影响，抑制受精卵的孵化。经多方验证，我们推测这一抑制作用主要是由塔玛亚历山大藻藻细胞表面物质引起的。通过塔玛亚历大藻对栉孔扇贝和墨西哥湾贝早期发育的影响研究发现：产毒藻对其受精卵、早期D形幼虫、眼点幼虫、仔贝都有明显的影响。（1）两株塔玛亚历山大藻（ATHK、ATCI02）都能抑制栉孔扇贝受精卵的孵化，EC50分别是（1010、1580cells/mL）。指数生长期的藻作用最强，并发现毒性作用可能来源于细胞表面一种不同于PSP的毒性物质。（2）ATHK对D形幼虫有致死作用，死亡率随作用时间的延长和藻密度的增加而增加。栉孔扇贝的早期D形幼虫暴露于细胞密度为10，000/cells/mL的ATHK中14天，死亡就率达100％；在实验密度10，000cells/mL的48小时急性致毒实验中，墨西哥湾扇贝的早期D形幼虫的游泳能力受到了一定程度的抑制。（3）实验条件下未发现ATHK对墨西哥湾扇贝眼点幼虫的变态、存活产生明显影响，但变态后稚贝的个体大小与对照组相比有明显差异，表明有毒藻对变态过程幼体的生长有影响。（4）在1小时、5小时的急性致毒实验中ATHK对墨西哥湾扇贝仔贝（壳高：5mm）的爬升能力产生了明显的抑制（1hEC50 ＝ 1，000cells/mL）。作用5小时后仔贝的附着率与对照组相比显著降低。两次48小时急性实验的结果都显示高密度的塔玛亚历山大藻（ATHK）能抑制紫贻贝成体的滤水率，平均EC50为6000cells/mL。以（产麻痹性贝毒）的塔玛亚历山大藻（ATHK）投喂紫贻贝（Mytilus edulis），研究了麻痹性贝毒在紫贻贝体内的累积、转化与排出规律。结果表明，在八天的累积实验阶段，紫贻贝消化腺和肌肉组织中的毒素含量均随实验时间的延长而逐渐增加；累积实验结束时，平均每只贝体内的毒素量为13.40nmol，累积率为12.45％（以每只贝的总染毒量为107.67nmol计），毒性水平为12.24μgSTXeq／100g，还未达到国际上公认的贝类食用卫生标准（80μgSTXeq／100g）；贻贝消化腺的累积能力远远高于肌肉组织，累积实验结束时，消化腺中的毒素含量为13.07nmol，累积率为12.14％，而肌肉组织中的毒素量只有0.33nmol，累积率只有0.31％。消化腺中累积的毒素占贝体内毒素总量的97.5％。在八天的排出实验阶段贝体内的毒素总量有下降的趋势，只有进一步延长自净的时间，才能得到更明了的排出规律。
其他摘要	Using Alexandrium tamarense (a species of PSP producing algae) and bivalves as models, the effects of Alexandrium tamarense on the early development、climbing ability、and filtration activities of two bivalves, the dynamics of accumulation、transformation and elimination of PSP in adult mussels (Mytilus edulis) were studied preliminary. The experiments proved that Alexandrium tamarense had the inhabitation effect on hatching of Chlamys farreri eggs. We inferred the inhabitation effect was mainly contributed to substances at the surface of Alexandrium tamarense cells by various experiments. The effects of Alexandrium tamarense on two species of scallop Chlamys farreri and Argopecten irradians concentricus at their early developmental stages were studied. Obvious effects of the toxic alga on the egg、early D-shape larvae、eyespot larvae and juvenile scallop were observed. 1) Two strains of Alexandrium tamarense (ATHK、ATCI02) had the inhabitation effects on eggs of Chlamys farreri, their EC50s were 1010cells/mL and 1580cells/mL respectively. The effect of alga at their exponential stage was the strongest. We deduced that the toxic effect was contributed to a non-PSP substance at surface of Alexandrium tamarense cells. 2) ATHK had lethal effects on D-shape larvae. The mortality rate became higher with the increase of time and concentrations of toxic algae. ATHK caused 100% mortality of early D-shape larvae of Chlamys farreri at the density of 10,000cells/ml after 14 days. The swimming behavior of early D-shape larvae of Argopecten irradians concentricus was inhibited within 48hr exposure by ATHK at the cell density of 10,000cells/mL. 3) No obvious effects of ATHK were found on metamorphosis, mortality of eyespot larvae of Argopecten irradians concentricus in the experiments, but the growth of scallops was inhibited. 4) The climbing ability of juvenile Argopecten irradians concentricus (height: 5mm) was clearly inhibited (1hEC50 = 1,000cells/mL) by ATHK in the 1hr and 5hr acute toxicity experiments. The attachment rate also decreased after 5hr exposure. Two 48hr acute experiments showed Alexandrium tamarense (ATHK) can inhabited clearance rate of adult mussels (Mytilus edulis) at the high cell density (the mean EC50 is 6000cells/mL). Using Alexandrium tamarense (ATHK) to feed mussels (Mytilus edulis), we studied toxin accumulation、transformation and elimination law of PSP in it. The results showed contents of PSP became higher with the increase of time in digest glands and muscles of mussels during 8-day accumulation phase. At the end, the mean toxin content and accumulation efficiency in every mussel were 13.40nmol、12.45% (the toxin content undertaken by every mussel is 107.67nmol) respectively. The toxicity was 12.24μgSTXeq/100g, which didn't reach the sanitation standard (80μ GSTXeq/100g) world widely accepted. The accumulation ability of digest glands was much higher than that of muscles. The toxin content in digest glands was 13.07nmol, the efficiency was 12.14% at the end of accumulation experiment; but those of muscles were only 0.33nmol and 0.31% separately. The content percentage of toxin accumulated in digest glands was 97.5% of total. Total contents of PSP were tending to decrease during eight-day detoxification phase.
页数	45
语种	中文
文献类型	学位论文
条目标识符	http://ir.qdio.ac.cn/handle/337002/1337
专题	海洋环流与波动重点实验室
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	傅萌. 塔玛亚历山大藻（Alexandrium tamarense）对双壳的影响研究[D]. 中国科学院海洋研究所. 中国科学院海洋研究所,1999.

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