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南沙珊瑚礁生态系中沉降颗粒物的生物地球化学过程研究
宋金明
学位类型博士
1997
学位授予单位中国科学院海洋研究所
学位授予地点中国科学院海洋研究所
学位专业海洋地质学
关键词垂直沉降颗粒物 生物地球化学过程 南沙珊瑚礁生态系
摘要本文首次研究了南沙珊瑚礁生态系垂直沉降颗粒物的生物地球化学过程,主要研究了生源要素、主要元素、稀有元素、稀土元素的垂直转移过程;垂直沉降颗粒物的有机地球化学与矿物学特征;沉积物-海水界面的氧化还原环境,得到了一些新的认识,提出了一些新的理论观点,主要为:1.珊瑚礁泻湖沉积物的还原性明显强于礁外,海水中的垂直沉降颗粒物含有相当多的有机物质,是颗粒物“变质”作用(去营养化作用、元素的地球化学转化作用等)的能量来源,沉积物-海水界面过程反过来还会影响珊瑚礁生态系中的物质循环。2.珊瑚礁生态中垂直沉降颗粒物中的有机组分到达沉积物-海水界面前,已经过了强烈的生物化学改造。含有丰富的类异戊二烯酮、醛、醇脂类及类异戊二烯二烯烃(C_(25)HBI) 证明了这一点。有机组分主要来源于泻湖内的生物包括细菌,陆生高等植物(主要为人为带入)占较少部分。C_(25)HBI可能主要来源于角刺藻和根管藻。垂直沉降颗粒物中的矿物主要由文石及方解石组成,并有少量的粘土矿物存在。文石占70%以上,方解石不超过30%,文石质主要由六射珊瑚、仙掌藻、软体动物提供,垂直沉降颗粒物与胡层沉积物的矿物组成极为相似,不同沉积环境其垂直沉降颗粒物的矿物组成完全不同。3.提出维持珊瑚礁生态系高生产力的原因在于由热带相对固着的生物组成的生物化学反应器大量富集外海寡营养水中的营养物质并在其内快速循环,这是目前关于“珊瑚礁营养盐之谜”最新的研究结果。4.珊瑚礁内元素的循环非常快,其在泻湖中的停留时间一般在几年到几十年,主要通过生物作用而向海底转移,80%以上的垂直转移量是通过生物过程来完成的,非生物碎屑转移则在20%以内。
其他摘要The doctoral dissertation lays emphasis on the biogeochemical processes of settling particles in the coral reef ecosystem of Nansha Islands, the South China Sea. The vertical and mineral features, the redox environment of sediment-water interface have been studied for the first time and some new conclusions obtained. The main results show as followers: 1. The reduction of sediments in the coral reef lagoons is obviously stronger than in the out-reef. The settling particles contains much organic matter that is the energic source of "particulate metamorphism" (including denutrification, geochemical transformation of elements et al.). The processes of sediment-water interface play an important role in the material cycle of coral reef ecosystem. 2. The organic components in settling particles have been changed by biochemical reactions before they reached the sediment-water interface. The rich isoprenoid ketones, aldehydes, alcohols and alkenes (C_(25)HBI) have proved the viewpoint. The organic components mainly come from organisms including bacteria in lagoon waters as well as small amounts of land-higher plants that maybe come from human activity. C_(25)HBI maybe mainly come from Chaetoceros and Rhizosolenia. The minerals in settling particles consists aragonite and calcite as well as small amounts clays (such as Chlorite et al.). Aragonite that comes from Acropora, Halimeda opuntia (L.) Lamouroux and mollusca accounts for approximately 70% and calcite 30%. The mineral components in settling particles are similar to that in surface sediment, but they are different in distinct sedimentation environments. 3. The reason of high productivity supporting coral reef ecosystem is that the special biochemical reactor made up ralatively fixed tropical organisms enrichs a great amount nutrients of the out-reef oligotrophic water and that the nutrients can rapidly recycle in coral reef lagoons. Up to now, this is the up-to-date conclusion on solveing "coral reef nutrient paradox". 4. The elemental cycle is very rapid and the residence times of elements in lagoons mostly are from several years to decades. The vertical transfer fluxes of elements mainly are completed by biological reaction, approximately accounting for 80%, and by detritus for 20%.
页数108
语种中文
文献类型学位论文
条目标识符http://ir.qdio.ac.cn/handle/337002/1277
专题海洋环流与波动重点实验室
海洋生态与环境科学重点实验室
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GB/T 7714
宋金明. 南沙珊瑚礁生态系中沉降颗粒物的生物地球化学过程研究[D]. 中国科学院海洋研究所. 中国科学院海洋研究所,1997.
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