黄河三角洲地面沉降时序InSAR技术监测与地下流体开采相关性分析

IOCAS-IR > 海洋地质与环境重点实验室

	黄河三角洲地面沉降时序InSAR技术监测与地下流体开采相关性分析
	刘一霖
学位类型	博士
导师	黄海军
	2016-05-19
学位授予单位	中国科学院大学
学位授予地点	北京
学位专业	海洋地质学
关键词	黄河三角洲地面沉降时序insar技术地下水开采油气开采模型反演
摘要	黄河三角洲，作为中国增长速率最快且最年轻的典型海岸带区域，具有独特的发育背景与沉积环境，在构造运动、自然沉积物固结压实作用、特别是频繁的人类经济活动等多重因素共同作用下，地面沉降灾害普遍存在。黄河三角洲地面沉降灾害加剧次生灾害发生的同时，对当地人民正常的社会、经济以及生态环境造成重大影响，因此，有效获取全面、详实的地面沉降灾害时空分布与演化特征，探求其成因机理，为防灾减灾提供技术与决策支持，更加科学、合理的指导自然资源开发、利用，保护黄河三角洲发展的可持续性具有重要意义。 InSAR技术作为一种新兴的空间对地观测技术，以其覆盖范围大、时空分辨率与监测精度高等优势而被广泛应用于诸多地学领域，特别是在地表形变灾害的监测方面。然而，受到大气延迟相位、地形误差、相位时空失相干以及噪声等因素的影响，传统InSAR技术的监测精度与应用领域受到极大限制。为克服上述限制，并提高监测的能力与精度，以永久散射体技术(PS)与短基线集技术(SBAS)为代表的时序InSAR技术应运而生，提供长时间序列高精度与时空分辨率的地表形变结果同时，引领了InSAR技术算法理论与应用的变革。本文以黄河三角洲复杂的大面积地面沉降灾害为研究对象，利用时序InSAR技术开展了针对海岸带地区特殊环境条件下高精度地表形变监测方法与应用的研究，分析了整体性的以及区域性的地表形变时空分布与演化特征，同时结合实地相关数据资料对已获取地面沉降灾害成因机制进行相关性分析与模型反演分析，拓展了InSAR技术在黄河三角洲研究应用的广度与深度。本文主要研究内容包括： (1) 系统分析了常规InSAR技术与时序InSAR技术，针对黄河三角洲特殊的海岸带环境下常规InSAR技术难以获取可靠地表形变结果、传统时序InSAR技术监测目标点密度不足、相干点相位稳定性不够以及误差因素较大等问题，基于Hopper等所提出的时序InSAR技术详细分析了低相干环境条件下高相干点的识别与选取、时空域带通滤波、相位解缠算法、误差相位剔除以及数据处理算法流程等问题； (2) 利用时序InSAR技术对黄河三角洲地表形变进行长时间序列、高精度与高时空分辨率的监测，获取其大面积地面沉降时空分布、演化特征与沉降模式，并对大面积地面沉降与地下水开采进行时空相关性分析，利用季节性降水量分析其与非线性地面沉降的关系；分析了黄河三角洲总体性的大面积地面沉降的成因机理，主要是由于地下水资源超采所引发的含水层及上覆岩层压缩引起； (3) 针对东营油田区存在的局部区域性沉降，详细分析其时空分布、演化特征以及与断层分布的关系。对油田区域性地面沉降分别采用Mogi模型、单一椭球模型以及双椭球模型进行反演分析，并结合实地油气资源开采资料对比分析各模型最优化反演结果参数以及各模型的适应性、可靠性与准确性，探讨油田区域性地面沉降成因机理，主要由地下油气资源开采活动导致。
其他摘要	The Yellow River (Huanghe) delta, the youngest and most rapid growth typical coastal region in China, having a unique formational background and sedimentary setting, undergoes severe land subsidence due to the combination effects of tectonic movement, sediment consolidation and compaction, especially the frequent anthropogenic activities. The land subsidence results in Yellow River delta increasingly vulnerable to secondary disasters, such as storm surge, coastal flooding, saltwater intrusion and infrastructure destabilization; meanwhile normal social economy of the local citizens and ecology environment are highly threatened by the ongoing rapid land subsidence. Therefore, it will be of great significance in characterizing the full and detail spatial and temporal distribution and evolution of the land subsidence, processing its causing, providing technological and decision support for disaster prevention and mitigation, scientifically guiding the natural resources development and utilization, protecting the ecological environment of Yellow River delta sustainable development. As a new type of Earth observation technique, InSAR has the advantages of large coverage, high spatial and temporal resolution and high accuracy and has been widely used in many geosciences fields, especially in surface deformation disaster monitoring field. However, affected by many factors, i.e. atmospheric phase screen, topographic errors, spatial and temporal decorrelation and thermal noises and so on, the monitoring accuracy and application field of traditional InSAR are greatly limited. In order to overcome the limitations and improve detection ability and accuracy, time series InSAR technique, represented by persistent scatterer (PS) InSAR and small baseline subset (SBAS) InSAR, were developed to eliminate the errors of traditional InSAR and provide long time high accuracy, high spatial and temporal resolution surface deformation results. Taking the large area and complicated land subsidence of Yellow River as the research object, we studied the method to obtain high precision surface deformation utilizing time series InSAR technique over the special environment area in coastal region. The spatial and temporal distribution and evolution characterization of whole surface deformation and regional land subsidence are analyzed. Further research are focusing on the interpretation of the deformation mechanism and modeling analysis according to the field data. All these studies extended the depth and breadth of the application of time series InSAR over Yellow River delta. This paper mainly includes: (1) Traditional InSAR and time series InSAR technique are systematically reviewed and analyzed. There are several special issues in the process of monitoring surface deformation over coastal region of Yellow River delta: traditional InSAR can not obtain reliable surface deformation result; traditional time series InSAR can not identify and select high coherent points in sufficient density over low coherent area affected by temporal decorrelation; phase of the point is unstable and has large errors due to change in look angle and so on. Based on the time series InSAR proposed by Hopper, this article gives a detail analysis on the high coherent point identification and selection over low coherent area, band pass filter in spatial and temporal domain, phase unwrapping method, phase error elimination and the whole data processing scheme. (2) This paper studies the long time series, high spatial and temporal resolution and high precision surface deformation over Yellow River delta using time series InSAR technique. Large area land subsidence spatial and temporal distribution, evolution characterization and land subsidence pattern are obtained, the spatial and temporal correlation between large area land subsidence and ground water exploitation, the correlation between seasonal precipitation with nonlinear surface deformation are analyzed. The results indicated that the large area land subsidence over Yellow River delta is primarily caused by intense groundwater withdrawal, which induce the aquifer and overburden subsidence. (3) Focusing on the regional land subsidence in oil field, this paper gives a detail analysis on its spatial and temporal distribution, evolution characterization and correlation with faults distribution. The regional subsidence is modeled using three different models: the spherical source Mogi type model, the finite prolate spheroid model and the dual finite prolate spheroid model. Furthermore, the optimal model parameters, adaptability, reliability and accuracy of the three models are compared and analyzed. This article has resolved that the regional land subsidence cone over oil field, which is likely caused by hydrocarbon exploitation and reservoirs compaction.
学科领域	海洋地质学
语种	中文
文献类型	学位论文
条目标识符	http://ir.qdio.ac.cn/handle/337002/116989
专题	海洋地质与环境重点实验室
作者单位	中国科学院海洋研究所
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	刘一霖. 黄河三角洲地面沉降时序InSAR技术监测与地下流体开采相关性分析[D]. 北京. 中国科学院大学,2016.

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