雅浦海山区海底地形及海山形态特征研究与分析

IOCAS-IR > 海洋地质与环境重点实验室

	雅浦海山区海底地形及海山形态特征研究与分析
	宫士奇
学位类型	硕士
导师	阎军
	2016-05-20
学位授予单位	中国科学院大学
学位授予地点	北京
学位专业	硕士
关键词	雅浦海山区地形地貌成因演化海山形态
摘要	本文通过多波束测深系统在研究区测得的高精度海底地形资料，对雅浦海山区海底地形地貌特征进行描述，结合已有资料及前人研究成果，对研究区地形成因进行综合分析。由于热点岩浆作用造成了卡罗琳海岭的产生，之后在太平洋板块北向俯冲拖曳力的作用下，卡罗琳海岭中部开裂形成索罗尔海槽，卡罗琳海岭被分割成南北两部分，同时也将太平洋板块与卡罗琳板块分隔开。由于板块运动方向的改变，太平洋板块向雅浦海沟之下的俯冲运动变为挤压运动，新生成的卡罗琳板块继续向下俯冲。因为板块构造运动的差异，雅浦海沟在中部走向发生改变。由于海沟南部俯冲板块俯冲深度更大，因此南部弧后盆地岩浆活动更活跃，盆地内有更多海山形成。根据海底地形数据资料，对雅浦海山区内海山的高度、顶面直径、底面直径、坡度、平坦度等海山形态学参数进行统计。根据海山分布位置，对研究区内海山进行划分，对不同海山区内海山的形态学参数之间的关系分别进行分析和讨论，并将分析结果进行对比。海山高度随底面直径增加而增大，海山高度越高，与底面直径间的线性关系越明显，而山顶直径与高度没有明显的关系。两大海山区内大部分海山平坦度都较小，索罗尔-卡罗琳海山区平坦度有较明显的分类特征，且两组数值离散度都较小，雅浦弧后海山区没有明显的差异化分类特征，平坦度与海山高度之间没有明显的线性关系。相比于雅浦弧后海山区，索罗尔-卡罗琳海山区海山形态变化更复杂，这可能是由于索罗尔-卡罗琳海山区的复杂地质构造环境所引起的，而雅浦弧后海山区的地质构造环境相对简单。海山的坡度一直在围绕某一数值波动变化，海山高度越高，坡度数值波动幅度越小，这一变化规律与海山所在区域的地质构造环境无关。
其他摘要	In this paper, we describe the geomorphologic features of the seafloor in the Yap seamounts area through the high-resolution topographic data measured by multi-beam sounding system. Comprehensively analyze the cause of the terrain in the studied area combined with the existing data and predecessors’ studying results. The Caroline Ridge formed because of the effect of hot pot and magma overflow. Under the effect of the slab pull force due to the northern subduction of Pacific plate, the Sorol Trough, which is in the middle part of the ridge, separates the Caroline Ridge into two parts, the northern part and southern part, and the trough separates the Pacific plate and the Caroline plate at the meantime. Due to the change in the direction of plate motion, the motion of the Pacific Plate changes from subduction into squeezing movement along the Yap Trench, and the Caroline Plate continues to dip down the Yap Trench. Because of the differences between the plate tectonic movements, the trend of Yap Trench changes at the central. The slab in the southern part of the trench dipping deeper down, so that the igneous activity under the southern back-arc basin is more active, there are more seamounts in the basin. Shape statistics have been compiled from the profiles of seamounts in the Yap area by the seafloor topographic data. On each profile a maximum height, a summit diameter, a basal diameter, a slope angle, a flatness, are measured. According to the distribution of seamounts, we divide these seamounts into different groups. Analyze the relationships among these seamount morphological parameters in different area respectively, and compare the results. Summit height increases with basal diameter, the higher the seamount is the linear relationship between them is more obvious, but there is no relationship between summit diameter and height. Flatness of seamounts is small in both seamounts area, and there is no obvious relationship between flatness and summit height. In the Sorol-Caroline seamounts area, there is an obvious classification feature among the flatness figures, the dispersion of the two sets of data are small. Compared with the Yap back-arc seamounts area, the morphological variation of seamounts in the Sorol-Caroline seamounts area is more complicated, this is probably because of the geology environment in Sorol-Caroline seamounts area is more complicated. Slope angles of the seamounts vary around a special number, the higher the summit height is the closer the number. This situation has nothing to do with the seamounts area and geology environment.
学科领域	海洋地质学
语种	中文
文献类型	学位论文
条目标识符	http://ir.qdio.ac.cn/handle/337002/112517
专题	海洋地质与环境重点实验室
作者单位	中国科学院海洋研究所
第一作者单位	中国科学院海洋研究所
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	宫士奇. 雅浦海山区海底地形及海山形态特征研究与分析[D]. 北京. 中国科学院大学,2016.

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